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AMERICAN HISTORY 



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QUESTIONS m AMiiKlCAN HISTORY 

Giles J. Swan, Ph 

A supplement to Swan's Outline of AmertciLn History and Cr, 

'o ,r ii'. ;; -'.i exaniyiatioa Questions pedagpgically firrar.Li.d, 

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IN 



AMERICAN HISTORY 

Including Regents^ and College Entrance 
Board Examination Questions 



BY 

GILES J. SWAN, M.A. Ph.E). 

PETNCIPAL, LINCOLN PARK PUBLIC SCHOOL 
BROOKLYN, N. Y. 



NEW YORK 

GLOBE BOOK COMPANY 

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Copyright, 1921, by Globe Book Compan"! 



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PREFACE 

The questions in this book, approximately seven hun- 
dred in number, furnish material for a thorough review 
of American History and Civics. 

For the purpose of convenient summary and review by 
outstanding periods in American history the following head- 
ings have been used : 

(I) The Period of Discovery and Colonization (1492- 
1760). 
(II) The Period of the Revolution (1760- 1783). 

(III) The Critical Period (1783-1789). 

(IV) Political Development (1789- 1829). 

(V) Social, Economic, and Industrial Development 

(1760- 1 829). 
(VI) Political History of the Period (1829-1865). 
(VII) General Progress (1829- 1865). 
(VIII) Political History (1865-1920). 
(IX) General Progress (1865- 1920). 
These questions include those given in New York State 
Regents' and in College Entrance examinations for many 
years. They should be useful to students preparing for such 
examinations as well as to instructors in secondary schools 
who wish to review the required subject matter topically or 
chronologically through the medium of suggestive questions. 

.^ ; Giles J. Swan. 

Brooklyn, New York, * ':,* 

January, 1921. 

g)Cf.A6088:33 

MAR 26 1921 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 



I. Beginnings. 1492-1760 

A. America — A Nation of Immigrants 

1. Discuss five physical features of the United States 
that were of great importance in its early development. 

2. Show how physical features influenced the location 
of early settlements in America. Illustrate. 

3. Compare the eastern coast of North America with the 
western coast as to (a) regularity of outline, {h) climate, 
(c) original resources. The two coasts were explored almost 
simultaneously. Give tivo reasons why the eastern coast 
became the seat of the first permanent colonies. 

4. Give a description of Iroquois life as regards (a) 
names and location of tribes, {h) political organization, (c) 
methods of warfare, {d) homes, (e) crops. 

5. Was there discovery of America antedating that of 
Columbus? State grounds for your belief. 

6. what conditions in Europe led Columbus to undertake 
his first voyage? What in his previous career fitted him for 
discovery ? 

7. Describe, by drawing or otherwise, Toscanelli's map 
or Behaim's globe. 

8. To what extent was geographic knowledge advanced 
by the discoveries of each of the following: Columbus, Ves- 
pucius, Balboa, Magellan, Bering. 

8. What parts of America were discovered prior to 1521, 
in what years, by what explorers, and on behalf of what 
countries ? 

10. Give an account of the first circumnavigation of the 



4 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

globe. State (a) what it proved in regard to America, (b) 
the direction in which it turned the attention of explorers. 

11. (a) Describe the character of the Elizabethan sea- 
men, giving definite examples to illustrate your statements. 
(b) Mention some outside reading you have done on the 
subject. 

12. Give an account of the French exploration and settle- 
ment of the St. Lawrence valley. What was (a) a seig- 
neury, (b) an intendant? 

13. Give a brief account of the discoveries and explora- 
tions of Columbus and the Cabots. Why was the new world 
called America? 

14. Give a brief account of Spanish explorations in North 
America. 

15. Who discovered the Philippine Islands ? Describe the 
voyage on which this discovery was made. What important 
theory was proved to be true by this voyage? 

16. What parts of North America were colonized by the 
Spanish? How and when did Spain lose these parts of 
her colonial empire? 

17. What share of North America had Spain claimed by 
the middle of the i6th century? Name four nations that 
established active claims to portions of the continent during 
the century immediately prior to 1640 and give the location 
of the territories claimed in each case. What modifications 
of these claims had taken place by 1740? / 

18. Fortune had smiled especially upon the Spanish, the 
French and the English, and had granted vast possessions 
and untold opportunities to them in this greatest expansion 
in recorded history. ... At first sight Spain would seem 
to be the power destined to survive. She first among the 
nations planted her flag in the western land and she extended 
its sway with marvelous rapidity for three-quarters of a 
century. 

Using the above quotation as an introduction, finish the 
paragraph by a statement of facts showing why Spanish 
dominion did not extend in America. 

19. ^Cartier explored the St. Lawrence in 1534, but the 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 5 

first permanent French settlement was not made till 1608. 
Mention the circumstances that delayed French settlement 
in North America. 

20. Mention four navigators who took part in the dis- 
covery and identification of the American continents. In- 
dicate briefly the results of the voyages of each of them. 

21. What unsuccessful. attempts were made by the Eng- 
lish during the i6th century to establish settlements in North 
America? Give dates. 

22. What were the difficulties in the way of English 
colonization in North America? 

23. Give a short account of the English explorations in 
North America during the sixteenth century. 

24. What companies organized the first successful settle- 
ments of the English in America ? What grants were made 
to each and by whom? 

25. Why was England more successful than Spain in 
colonizing America? 

26. Sketch the history of the Virginia Company of 1606. 

27. Describe the government of Virginia under the Lon- 
don Company. Why was the charter revoked in 1624? 

28. Show how each of the following acquired a claim to 
territory between the Ohio river and the Great Lakes and 
how each gained possession: France, England, the United 
States. 

29. Draw a map of North America and on it trace the 
route of (a) Coronado, (b) La Salle (1681-2), (c) Cham- 
plain (1609), (d) De Soto. 

30. Give an account of the Dutch West India Company, 
touching on (a) powers and privileges, (b) character of 
first settlements made under its authority, (c) means used 
to secure an agricultural population, (d) causes of disputes 
with its colonists. 

31. Give the chief motives of each of the following groups 
of early explorers: English, French, Spanish, Dutch. 

32. On a map of the United States indicate, with names, 
the sections settled by the Dutch, Swedes, English, French 
and Spanish. 



6 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

33. Compare Spanish and English colonization in America 
as to (a) locality, (b) objects, (c) treatment of natives, (d) 
effect on mother country. 

34. Give reasons (a) why Spain was at first more suc- 
cessful in colonizing the new world than other European 
nations, (b) why Spanish colonization failed to build strong 
states. 

35. Mention and describe two events of English history 
that promoted colonial settlements in North America. 

36. Mention t7vo Spanish, fzt'o French and tzvo English 
explorers, naming the regions explored by each. Compare 
briefly English colonization in America with Spanish colon- 
ization in regard to (a) objects, (b) success. 

T^y. Explain the relations between England and Spain in 
the i6th and 17th centuries and show by two illustrations 
the effect of these relations on American history. 

38. Give a definite reason for the failure of each of the 
follovv'ing European nations in the colonization of North 
America : Spain, France, Holland. 

39. Explain the slow growth of the Dutch colony, New 
Netherlands, and describe the effort made to increase the 
population. 

40. State the basis of the claim of each of the following 
European nations to lands in North America in the seven- 
teenth century : England ; France ; Spain ; Holland. 

41. Mention the European nations that, at the beginning 
of the i8th century, claimed the territory of the United 
States. Show approximately, by map or otherwise, the 
extent of the claims of each nation mentioned, and state the 
basis of the claims o-f each. 

42. Describe and explain the part played by the Dutch in 
the history of early America. 

B. The Rise and Progress of Democratic Institutions 
IN the United States 

43. Describe the causes of discontent which culminated 
in Bacon's rebellion. 

44. Distinguish between the Puritans and the Pilgrims, 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 7 

as to origin, social standing, and relation to the Church of 
England. For what reasons did the Pilgrims leave Hol- 
land? 

45. Describe the government of Massachusetts Bay under 
the charter of 1629. What changes were made by the 
charter of 1691 ? 

46. The history of Massachusetts begins in an obscure 
Lincolnshire village, among a company of plain farmers 
and simple rustics, who had separated from the church 
of England, and paid for their temerity by bitter and un- 
ceasing persecution. 

47. Explain this statement by tracing the history of these 
Separatists till they made a settlement in what is now Massa- 
chusetts. 

48. How were claims to territory in the New World 
established by European governments ? Why were charters 
for colonial settlements deemed necessary? 

49. What were the conditions in their own country which 
led Englishmen to migrate to America in the seventeenth 
century and what did they hope to accomplish by this migra- 
tion? Include in your answer definite illustrations. 

50. What conditions in Europe aided and what retarded 
American colonization? Illustrate by references to French, 
Spanish and English settlements. 

51. Compare the social and industrial conditions in 
colonial Virginia with those in colonial Massachusetts. In- 
dicate the time which you describe. Mention the author and 
title of any books, outside your textbook, which you have 
used on this subject. 

52. Describe the situation in Massachusetts which led to 
the founding of Rhode Island. Tell the story of the found- 
ing of Connecticut Colony. 

53. What were the motives actuating the founders of 
four of the following colonies: Plymouth, Georgia, Mary- 
land, Jamestown, New Netherland. 

54. Describe the principles of the Friends or Quakers, 
the founding of Pennsylvania, and its government to 1760. 

55. Describe the town meeting in early New England 



8 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

and contrast it with local government in Virginia in the 
seventeenth century. 

56. Compare the system of local government during 
colonial times in New England with that in the southern 
colonies. What check did a colonial legislature have on the 
power of the governor. 

57. Mention three important occupations of colonial 
Americans and briefly describe one of these occupations. 

58. Compare a French colony with an English colony 
with respect to (a) motives of the colonists in coming to 
America, (b) relations with the Indians, (c) occupations. 

59. On what basis did the English always lay claim to 
the territory occupied by the Dutch in this country? Why 
did they not enforce that claim between 1609 and 1664? 
How did they then enforce it? 

60. Describe the attitude, during the colonial period, of 
Virginia and of New England toward (a) popular educa- 
tion, (b) political liberty. 

61. Explain how the following statement applies to the 
early settlers of Virginia: "Unfitted for their environment, 
they were doomed to extinction by that pitiless law which 
works ever to abolish from the earth the improvident, the 
idle and the vicious." 

62. What class of English society was chiefly represented 
in the American colonies Of what advantage was this to 
America? Give the causes that brought members of the 
other classes to this country. 

63. Account for (a) the great migration to New England 
(1629-40), ib) the Cavalier migration to Virginia, (c) the 
Catholic migration to Maryland, {d) the Quaker migration 
to Pennsylvania. 

64. By what means did colonial assemblies control to 
some extent the actions of. the governors? 

65. Explain the hostility of Charles II to Massachusetts 
Bay colony which led to the loss of its charter in 1684. 

66. Mention three articles of commerce that were com- 
monly used as currency in colonial times. Account for the 
scarcity of gold and silver coin in the colonies. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 9 

67. Give the reasons for the early faihire at Jamestown 
and for the more favorable progress of the settlement at 
Boston. 

68. Describe the part played by the French in the settle- 
ment of the territory now included in the State of New 
York and explain how their claim was finally terminated. 

69. Draw an outline map of the territory held by the 
■French and the English in 1754 and on it locate, with names, 

four principal points of attack and defense in the French 
and Indian War, 1754- 1763. 

70. Describe the methods used by king and by parliament 
to control the trade of the colonies before the accession of 
George III. 

71. Name two types of colonial government in America 
before the Revolution and describe one of these with special 
reference to the degree of self-government allowed. 

/2. What were the chief characteristics of a proprietary 
colony? What colonies were proprietary at the outbreak 
of the American Revolution? 

y^. Give the causes and the results of Bacon's Rebellion. 
Describe the attitude of the government of Virginia in 1676 
toward self-government. 

74. In what ways was English colonial policy in the 
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries better than that of 
France ? 

75. Give a careful account of education in the colonies. 
(If you have done special reading outside the textbook on 
the development in a single colony or state, you may confine 
your account to that state, giving the author and title of 
books used.) What colleges were founded before the 
Revolution ? 

76. Tell what you know of Peter Stuyvesant. 

yy. State four important ways in which the old French 
wars helped to prepare the colonists for the American 
Revolution. 

78. Name the 13 original colonies. State briefly the 
causes and the circumstances attending the founding of each 
of three of these colonies. 



10 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

79. Draw a map of New York State and on it (a) trace 
two of the early fur trade routes, (&) locate two of the 
following forts: Stanwix, Oswego, Niagara, Ticonderoga. 

80. Draw an outline map of New York State and give 
tzvo incidents in the history of the state that have determined 
the location of a part of the boundary. 

81. State in what respects, during the first two 
centuries after settlement, Virginia developed a very dif- 
ferent civilization from that of Massachusetts. Give 
reasons. 

82. Give an account of the settlement and history of 
Massachusetts Bay Colony to the middle of the seventeenth 
century. 

83. Mention three important occupations of colonial 
Americans and briefly describe one of these occupations. 

84. Give an account of the disorder that resulted in New 
York from the deposition of James II. 

85. Why has a statue of Verrazano recently been set up 
in Battery Park, New York city? Outline as much of 
the life of Henry Hudson as has to do with the American 
continent. 

86. Show in what ways England and Holland, in the 
colonial period, were more progressive in ideas and in- 
stitutions than France and Spain. 

87. Show how the colonists of Virginia first secured 
representative government. 

88. Give an account of the beginning of representative 
government in Massachusetts Bay Colony. 

89. Give an account of the treatment accorded to New 
England by James II. 

90. Mention an essential particular in which the French 
colonies in America differed from the English colonies in 
(a) government, (b) industries. How was each of these 
differences an advantage to the French in war? a disad- 
vantage ? 

91. Compare life in colonial times with life at present, 
noting opportunities (a) for schooling, (b) for self-educa- 
tion, (c) for developing hardihood and self-reliance. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 11 

92. Compare colonial Virginia with colonial New Eng- 
land as regards (a) industries, {b) political organization, 
(c) educational facilities. Explain how geographic condi- 
tions in each section partially account for differences in 
mode of living. 

93. Describe the attempt made to unite the colonies in 
1754. Why did it fail? 

94. Name six European nations that held possessions in 
North and South America between 1492 and 1763; name 
the regions held by any of them now. 

95. Sketch the history of Maryland during the seven- 
teenth century. 

96. Describe the circumstances of the founding of the 
colony of Maryland. 

97. State the essential provisions of the Maryland tolera- 
tion Act of 1649. How did Maryland's religious policy 
compare w^ith that of Rhode Island? 

98. Describe the founding of the colony of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

99. How was Connecticut founded? Compare the gov- 
ernment of Connecticut with that of New Haven. 

100. State the advantages of location of the English 
colonies as compared with the French. 

loi. Give the principal facts connected with the settle- 
ment and colonial history of Rhode Island. 

102. How was the colonization of tlie Carolinas and 
Georgia effected? 

103. Compare the system of local government in New 
England with that which prevailed in the Southern colonies, 
and give some reasons to explain the dift'erence between 
the two systems. 

104. Describe the colonization of New York. 

105. Name the colonies, within the present limits of the 
U. S. that were founded by: (a) Roman Catholics, (b) 
English Churchmen, (c) English Separatists, (d) Quakers. 

106. Where and when were the Dutch colonies in North 
America established? To w^hom were they finally surren- 
dered and when ? 



12 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

107. Few characters in history are indispensable. From 
William of Orange to William Pitt the younger there was 
but one man without whom English history must have 
taken a different turn, and that was William Pitt the elder. 
Give reasons for the truth of this statement. 

108. Write a biographical account of one of the following 
men, with the particular reference to his public services : 
(a) John Winthrop, (b) William Penn. 

109. Give an account of the origin of the Society of 
Friends (Quakers). In what colonies did they exert most 
influence ? 

no. When and by whom was the first of the Navigation 
Acts passed? What were they expected to accomplish and 
what was the general effect produced by them? 

111. What were the essential points of dift'erence between 
royal, proprietary, and charter colonies? Give an example 
of each. 

112. What colonies formed the first New England Union? 
When and for what purpose? When was it dissolved and 
why? 

113. What policy did Edmund Andros attempt to carry 
out, and to what extent did he succeed? 

114. What events in English or in European history led 
to the founding of Georgia? 

115. Name the three colonies which were most liberal 
in granting reliigous toleration. Make a brief comparison 
of their laws on the subject. 

116. Write an account of the general physiographical 
conditions of North America, illustrating it with a sketch 
map. Make a sketch map of the thirteen original states 
of the United States. Locate upon it the states, their chief 
cities, rivers, harbors, mountains. From what countries 
came the larger part of the population of each state? 

117. When, where and by whom was the last of the 
thirteen colonies settled? What form of government was 
adopted in it? 

118. State the important facts having to do with religion 
and government in the history of three of the following 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 13 

colonies: (o) Maryland, (b) Rhode Island, (c) Massa- 
chusetts, (d) Virginia, (e) Pennsylvania. 

119. Indicate on outline map all territories in North 
America which have at any time belonged to France; state 
how the possession of each was relinquished. 

120. Give an account of the explorations of Joliet and 
Marquette. When were they made? 

121. What effect did the English Revolution of 1689 
have on the American colonies? 

122. Give an account of the career of Andros as a colonial 
governor in America. Give important dates. 

123. How was the history of the British colonies in 
America influenced by the wars between England and 
France in the i8th century? 

124. Sketch the history of French colonization in 
America, and describe briefly the conflict between the French 
and the English up to the beginning of the Seven Years' 
War. 

125. Sketch the causes which led to the French and 
Indian War. Describe the events of that war which placed 
the name of James Wolfe among the great names of English 
history. 

126. Describe the private and business life of the colonists 
in the seventeenth century. 

127. In what war were Montcalm and William Pitt lead- 
ing figures? Sketch the achievements of each in the con- 
duct of it? 

128. Describe in some detail the capture of Louisburg 
by the New England colonists. 

129. Indicate on the map the English frontier on the 
American continent in the time of Charles I, Charles II, 
and George HI (about 1770). 

130. Name the wars in the struggle for dominion in 
America between France and England. Tell briefly the 
Story of the French and Indian War. What effects had this 
war on the relations between the British government and 
the British colonies in North America? 

131. Outline very briefly the history of the French and 



14 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

English intercolonial wars. Locate Louisburg, Ticonderoga, 
and Fort Duquesne. 

132. Show how conditions in Europe in the 17th and 
1 8th centuries determined that North America should be 
predominantly English. 

133- What was the most important service rendered to 
the English colonies in American by William Pitt the elder ? 
What office did he hold at that time? 

134. Mark on map the boundaries of the English, French, 
and Spanish possessions in North America as fixed by the 
treaty in 1763. 

135. Give reasons why the Indians of the warm regions 
of the Americas were more highly civilized at the time 
of the discovery than those of the cold regions. Show how 
the lack of horses and cattle hindered progress. 

II. Period of the Revolution. 1 760-1 783 

The Rise and Progress of Democracy in the United 
States (ContinuSd) 

1. How did the troubles between King and Parliament 
in England advance the cause of liberty in America during 
the reign of (a) Charles I, (b) George III? 

2. Describe the methods used by king and by parliament 
to control the trade of the colonies before the accession of 
George III. 

3. Describe the commercial policy of England toward her 
colonies before 1760. What were the advantages and dis- 
advantages of this policy? 

4. What were the causes, provisions, and results of the 
Stamp Act? Give the arguments in its favor. 

5. Trace the succession of the events after 1763 which 
contributed most to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. 

6. Trace the connection between the charter of the Vir- 
ginia Company (1606) and the following resolution of 
the Stamp Act Congress: "That his majesty's liege subjects 
in these colonies are entitled to all the inherent rights and 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 15 

privileges of his natural born subjects within the kingdom 
of Great Britain." 

7. Mention two acts of Parliament between 1765 and 1775 
that directly affected the American colonies. State the pur- 
pose of each act. 

8. Give the substance of two acts of the British Parlia- 
ment in the decade before the American Revolution which 
contributed to cause the revolt of the colonies. How did 
the colonists show their resentment toward each of these 
acts? 

9. Show by relating historical facts the truth of the fol- 
lowing: "The causes of the Revolution were deep-seated 
in colonial history." 

10. State three important acts of the First Continental 
Congress (1774). 

11. Trace the development of the movement toward 
colonial union from the Albany Congress to the first Con- 
tinental Congress. How did the system of intercolonial 
committees of correspondence originate? 

12. Enumerate the principal grievances against the king 
of Great Britain contained in the Declaration of In- 
dependence. 

13. Enumerate the causes of the American revolution. 
State the attitude of Chatham and Burke toward the colo- 
nies. 

14. State definitely the colonists' objections to the Stamp 
Act. 

15. What attempts toward union were made in the British 
colonies prior to 1774? 

16. State what bonds of union existed between the thir- 
teen American colonies before the American Revolution. 

17. Give an account of iivo methods used by the American 
colonists to resist the colonial policy of England. Classify 
each as legal or illegal and give reasons for your classifica- 
tions. 

18. What were the causes of the Revolutionary War? 
What part did the desire for independence play? What 



16 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

justification, if any, did England have for carrying on the 
war ? 

19. Mention four attempts made before 1776 to unite 
EngHsh colonies in America in -common action and tell how 
far each attempt was successful. 

20. What were the principal grievances which led the 
colonists to revolution in 1775? 

21. What were the ''rights of Englishmen" for which 
Americans fought in the Revolution? At what period and 
for what reason did the war cease to be a struggle for the 
"rights of Englishmen"? 

22. Give a brief account of each of the following: The 
New England Confederation (''United Colonies of New 
England"); the Albany Congress; Stamp Act Congress. 

23. Describe trade and commerce in the colonial period. 

24. Why did the colonists object to paying taxes to Great 
Britain just before the Revolution? 

25. Give an account of Burgoyne's campaign, and indicate 
the importance of its results. Mention the author and title 
of any books, outside your textbook, which you have used 
on the Revolution. 

26. State, with some detail, two causes that tended in 
the New England colonies to (a) prevent united action, (b) 
encourage united action. 

2y. The American Revolution was begun with hardly a 
thought of independence. What changed the attitude of 
the revolutionists and made possible the Declaration of 
Independence ? Why was the cession of the Old Northwest 
demanded by the revolutionists in the treaty of peace? 

28. Show how the industrial development of the United 
States depended on a separation from Great Britain. 

29. . . . "these United Colonies are, and of right ought 
to be, free and independent states." — Declaration of In- 
dependence. 

Explain the meaning of "free and independent states" as 
used by the authors of the Declaration of Independence. 
To what extent are the states of our present Union free 
and independent? 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 17 

30. Account for the hostility of the Five Nations to the 
French. Of what advantage to the Enghsh colonies was 
this hostility while the French held Canada? Why was it 
necessary during the Revolution for the polonies to crush 
the Iroquois? 

31. (a) Trace on map the progress of Washington's army 
from the Battle of Brooklyn Heights to the beginning of 
the siege of New York in 1778. Indicate clearly the name 
and location of the principal battles and places connected 
with this progress. 

(b) Mark on map as definitely as possible four of the 
following: Northwest Territory of 1787, boundaries of 
Kansas-Nebraska as set off by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 
northern boundary of Florida after 1795, territory in dis- 
pute between the United States and Mexico in 1846, Mason 
and Dixon's line. 

32. Show the effect of the failure of Burgoyne's cam- 
paign on each of the following: (a) the colonies, (b) Eng- 
land, (c) France. 

2;^. When General Gates in 1780 started south to assume 
command, General Charles Lee bade him farewell with 
these words : "Take care that your northern laurels do 
not change to southern willows." Explain the meaning of 
this warning and show how events proved its wisdom. 

34. During what years of the Revolution was most of the 
fighting done in the northern states ? in the southern states ? 
What was the British plan for the conquest of the south? 
Give three general reasons for the failure of this plan. 

35. Give an account of the French alliance (1778), touch- 
ing on (a) reasons for enmity between France and Eng- 
land, (b) caution of Louis XVI, (c) circumstances that 
favored the alliance, (d) results. 

36. Describe briefly Burgoyne's invasion, and show how 
his route was determined by the topography of the north- 
eastern part of the United States. Mention three other 
important military expeditions that have been made, or 
attempted, over the same route. 

37. Mention advantages that the British, during the 



18 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

greater part of the Revolutionary War, derived from their 
naval superiority. Explain how for a brief period this 
superiority was lost and with what result. 

38. During the first years of the Revolution which 
colonies laid claim to the land just south of Lake Erie? 
Which colonies claimed what is now western New York? 
State the basis of each of these claims. 

39. Give four important reasons for the success of the 
Americans in their revolution against so formidable a power 
as England. 

40. Account for the success of the Americans in the 
contest with England. 

41. Decribe in detail one of the following events: "Bos- 
ton Massacre" ; Battles of Bunker Hill, Saratoga, and York- 
town. 

42. Give a brief acount of the campaign of ly/G-i/yy 
in the Middle States. How did Burgoyne's surrender 
at Saratoga affect our foreign relations ? 

43. Write an account of Arnold's march to Quebec. 

44. What treaty concluded the war for independence? 
What boundaries of the U. S. were established by it? What 
powers were neighbors of the U. S.? Give the date. 

45. What is the story recalled by the recent dedication 
of the prison ship "Martyrs' Memorial" in New York city? 
Outline Washington's campaign through Long Island and 
Manhattan Island up to his occupation of Philadelphia. 
Why could Frederick the Great speak of him as a masterly 
general in view of his constant retreats in this campaign. 

What important recommendations did Washington make 
in his Farewell Address regarding (a) national aid to educa- 
tion, (b) the provision of suitable military defense, (c) 
relations with foreign governments ? Mention a specific in- 
stance in which each of these, recommendations has been 
either observed or disregarded. 

46. Sketch the career of George Washington before the 
outbreak of the American Revolution. 

47. Why is Washington regarded as a great general al- 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 19 

though he was more often defeated than victorious in the 
open field? 

48. From what class in society did the Loyalists mainly 
come, why were they opposed to the Revolution, how were 
they treated, and what became of them? 

49. Describe the life of a Virginia planter in the eigh- 
teenth century. 

50. State in what respects, during the first two centuries 
after settlement, Virginia developed a very different civiliza- 
tion from that of Massachusetts. Give reasons. 

51. Draw a map showing the geographic position of New 
York State with reference to Canada and New England. 
Explain (a) why so much of the Revolutionary War 
centered in eastern New York, (b) why its geographic 
position made New York's ratification of the Federal Con- 
stitution a question of great political importance. 

52. Describe the part played in the history of Virginia 
by two of her leaders before 1783. 

HI. The Critical Period. 1783-1789 

Progress of Democracy in the United States 
(Continued) 

1. Who were the Tories or LoyaHsts of the Revolution? 
Account for the existence of large classes of these Tories 
in New York. How were they treated after the War? 

2. Give a sketch of Franklin's training, indicate the kinds 
of political service he performed, and tell of any other way 
in which he was useful to his fellow-countrymen. 

3. Give five reasons that make it justifiable to apply to 
the period of Confederation the title, ''The Critical Period 
of American History." 

4. Draw a map of the United States at the close of the 
Revolutionary War and on it show the claims of the dif- 
ferent states to territory west of the Alleghanies. 

5. Give the boundaries of the Northwest Territory. Men- 
tion four states that had more or less conflicting claims 
in this territory. Show how these conflicting claims were 
adjusted. 



20 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

6. Explain why the states of Virginia, Massachusetts, 
Connecticut and New York had conflicting land claims to 
territory north of the Ohio. How were these conflicting 
claims settled? 

7. By what authority was the United States governed 
from (a) 1776 to 1781, (b) 1781 to 1789? By what author- 
ity has it been governed from 1789 to the present time? 

8. What defects in our national government between 1781 
and 1789 led Washington to describe it as "a. half-starved, 
limping government ?" 

9. Name and describe, as to extent and location, the 
territory for the government of which the Ordinance of 
1787 was established. State three provisions of this or- 
dinance. 

10. "I doubt whether one single law of any law giver, 
ancient or modern, has produced effects of more distinct, 
marked and lasting character than the Ordinance of 1787." 
— Daniel Webster. 

What was the Ordinance of 1787? Give reasons tending 
to justify Webster's opinion. 

11. Discuss carefully two of the following: (a) the South 
and the negro in colonial times, (b) the provision of the 
Ordinance of 1787 in regard to slavery, (c) the intimate 
connection of slavery with the annexation of territory. 

12. Explain why the Articles of Confederation were 
replaced by the present Federal Constitution, mentioning 
five facts that indicate the conditions prevailing under the 
Articles of Confederation. 

13. Give an account of izvo of the following: (a) the 
New England confederation, (b) the Albany Congress, (c) 
the Stamp Act Congress, (d) the Continental Congresses, 
(e) the Constitutional Convention of 1787. 

14. Point out three leading defects in the Articles of 
Confederation. State provisions in the Constitution that 
remedied these defects. Show why the Articles of Con- 
federation marked an important step in our political history. 

15. Give three attempts at union or concerted action made 
by the colonies previous to 1787. Write briefly on tzvo 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 21 

of these attempts, showing their importance as steps leading 
to ultimate union under the Constitution. 

i6. Explain three great compromises made in the Con- 
stitutional Convention. 

17. Give an account of hindrances to domestic and foreign 
commerce at the close of the Revolution. Show how these 
hindrances were removed. 

18. When and how was the Constitution of the United 
States formed? How was it adopted? Compare the Con- 
stitution of the United States with the Articles of Con- 
federation. 

19. How were the United Colonies governed prior to the 
federal constitution? 

20. Under what kind of government did the United States 
first begin her career as an independent nation? Why 
were the Articles of Confederation unsuccessful? Tell 
what you know of the change from the government under 
those articles to the government under our present Con- 
stitution. 

21. Explain the principal causes which led to, and the 
circumstances which attended the formation of the Con- 
stitution, 1787. Make plain the work of the three men 
most influential in its formation and in securing its ratifica- 
tion. 

22. What were the principal defects of the Confederation, 
1781-1789? 

23. Give the boundaries of the Northwest Territory. 
What was the first state formed within that region ? When 
was it admitted to the Union? 

24. Trace briefly the circumstances which led to the 
meeting of the federal convention in 1787. Discuss the 
work of the convention, laying special emphasis upon the 
various party conflicts and compromises. 

25. How were the states induced to cede their western 
territory to the United States? What was the political 
significance of the cession? State the chief provisions of 
the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. 



22 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

26. The period between 1783- 1787 has been called the 
"Critical Period." Why? 

27. Who were the leaders in the Federal Convention, and 
how far was each successful in securing what he desired? 

28. (Answer A or B.) A. Discuss fully the great com- 
promises of the Constitution. B. Enumerate the important 
assertions of the doctrine of States Rights from the adop- 
tion of the Constitution to the Civil War. 

29. What were the three great compromises of the Con- 
stitution ? 

30. Why was there so much opposition to the adoption 
of the Constitution of the United States? 

31. In what respects did the Constitution dilTer most 
radically from the Articles of Confederation? 

32. What are the most important provisions of the first 
ten amendments to the United States Constitution, and why 
were these amendments adopted? 

IV. Political Development. 1 789-1829. 

Progress of Democracy in the United States 
(Continued) 

1. Show how the growth of political parties was exem- 
plified in Washington's cabinet. 

2. 'Thus within a year and a half Hamilton had secured, 
in the face of the opposition of the state rights party, the 
passage of four great measures — assumption, funding of 
the debt, the excise, and the bank charter, — all tending to 
the centralization of power." 

Show how each of Hamilton's measures tended to cen- 
tralize power. 

3. State three important measures brought forward by 
Hamilton as parts of his financial policy. 

4. Compare the tea tax (1770) with the excise tax (1791) 
as to purpose and reasons for resistance. 

5. What was the Whisky Rebellion? How did Wash- 
ington treat it? What principle of our government was 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 28 

at stake? Give two other events prior to 1840 illustrating 
the same issue. 

6. Describe the causes of the Whisky Rebellion and give 
its results. 

7. Give an account of Genet's mission and of the foreign 
poHcy of Washington's second administration. 

8. Why was it easy to secure the adoption of the first ten 
amendments to the Constitution and difficult to secure the 
adoption of later amendments? 

9. What was the jurisdiction of the United States Courts 
under the original constitution and how was it afifected by 
the eleventh amendment? 

10. Describe the method of nomination and election of 
a President of the United States. 

11. State two or more vital points of disagreement be- 
tween the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. In 
your opinion what points in favor either of the Federalists 
or of the Democratic-Republicans have been settled by the 
course of events? 

12. Mention in order the steps leading from the settle- 
ment of Tennessee and Kentucky to the purchase of 
Louisiana. 

13. What nations have controlled the west bank of the 
"Mississippi river since 1492? Account for the successive 
• changes of sovereignty. 

14. Compare the nonimportation agreements (1765) v/ith 
:the Nonimportation Act (1806), and the Embargo Act 
((1807) as regards causes and results. 

15. What means were employed to reduce the public debt 
in the administration of (a) Washington, (b) Jefiferson? 

16. State briefly the historical importance of the dis- 
^coveries and explorations of the following: (i) John Cabot, 
v(2) La Salle, (3) Magellan, (4) Lewis and Clark. 

17. When and for what purpose was the first Ohio com- 
pany formed? What land was granted to it? What conflict 
grew out of the undertaking? 

18. What were the essential points of difference between 



24 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists or Republican 
parties? Name two leaders of each party. 

19. How did the invention of the cotton gin aftect the 
slavery problem? 

20. Write on Alexander Hamilton, treating the following 
topics: (a) writings, (b) financial measures, (c) political 
ideas, (d) opponents. 

21. Discuss the reorganization of the financial system 
during Washington's first administration, and show how 
the controversies to which it gave rise afifected the develop- 
ment of political parties. 

22. What three nations were owners of Louisiana be- 
tween the years 1783 and 1804? Tell the story of our 
purchase of Louisiana. 

27^. Discuss the origin and development of national 
political parties before the war of 1812. 

24. Explain the distinction between the loose construction 
and the strict construction methods of interpreting the con- 
stitution. Name two advocates of each. 

25. Name three men who were prominently connected with 
the acquistion of territory by the U. S. after 1800, and point 
out their share in the transaction. 

26. Discuss the Alien and Sedition Acts and show their 
connection with the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. 

2y. Was Jefferson's public Ufe a success? Give reasons. 

28. Give an account of Aaron Burr's Conspiracy. 

29. Wliat were the provisions of the Embargo and Non- 
Intercourse Acts? When were they passed? What effect 
did they have? 

30. What have been the results of immigration into the 
U. S. since 1800? 

31. What were the consequences of the annexation of 
Louisiana? 

32. What defect in the original method of electing the 
President and Vice-President was shown in the elections 
of 1796 and 1800? Describe briefly the present system. 

33. Describe the career of James Madison. 

34. What economic or commercial conditions underlay 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 25 

(a) the discovery of America, (b) the American Revolu- 
tion, (c) the framing of the Constitution, (d) the War 
of 1812 

35. Explain in regard to the following extract from a 
debate in the House of Representatives (a) what war was 
under consideration, (b) what were two causes of the war, 

(c) what criticism of the conduct of the war was common. 

(d) what plans the speaker probably had in mind when 
he said: "Negotiate the terms of a peace at Quebec or 
Hahfax": 

An honorable peace is attainable only by an efficient war. 
My plan would be to call out the ample resources of the 
country, give them a judicious direction, prosecute the war 
with the utmost vigor, strike wherever we can reach the 
enemy, at sea or on land, and negotiate the terms of a 
peace at Quebec or Halifax. We are told that England 
is a proud and lofty nation that, disdaining to wait for 
danger, meets it half-way. Haughty as she is, we once 
triumphed over her, and if ye do not listen to the counsels 
of timidity and despair we shall again prevail. In such a 
cause, with the aid of Providence, we must come out 
crowned with success; but if we fail, let us fail like men — 
lash ourselves to our gallant tars, and expire together in 
one common struggle, fighting for "seamen's rights and 
free trade." 

36. The War of 1812 is often called the Second War 
for Independence. Justify this statement. 

37. "The War of 1812 has been often and truly called 
the Second War of Independence." Explain the meaning 
of this statement and give three concrete results of the war. 

38. Write an account, not exceeding 75 words, of one 
of the following battles, explaining the circumstances under 
which the battle was fought and giving its historic im- 
portance ; pay special attention to clearness and conciseness 
of statement: (a) Perry's victory on Lake Erie, (b) the 
battle of Gettysburg, (c) the battle of Long Island. 

39. Mention an important political and an important 



26 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

economic result of the War of 1812 on the United States. 
Write a paragraph on one of these results. 

40. What were the important results of the War of 1812? 
What measures passed by Congress at its close and shortly 
afterward indicate that the war "had awakened a national 
consciousness" ? 

41. State in regard to the war of 1812: (a) Time, {b) 
cause, {c) question at issue, {d) important battles, {e) 
terms of peace. 

42. Draw a map of the United States. On it trace the 
boundaries of two accessions to the territory of the United 
States, acquired since 1783, indicating, with date, the coun- 
try from which each territory was obtained. 

43. Why was there bitter debate over the admission of 
Missouri to the Union in 1819 when just before this Illinois 
and Alabama had been admitted without question, one as 
a slave state and the other as a free state? 

44. On map indicate as accurately as possible: (a) the 
boundaries of the United States at the close of the War 
for Independence; {h) the territory "dedicated to freedom" 
by the legislation of 1820. 

45. What is the Monroe Doctrine? Under what circum- 
stances was it proclaimed ? Describe tivo occasions on which 
it has been applied. 

46. (a) State the terms of the "Monroe Doctrine" as 
contained in President • Monroe's message of 1823. {h) 
What was President Cleveland's application of the doctrine 
in 1895? 

47. What is the Monroe Doctrine? Why is it so called? 
Of what importance is it today? 

48. Describe the Presidential Election of 1824, and show 
how its results affected the political fortunes of John Quincy 
Adams and Henry Clay. 

49. State two important principles advocated by the Na- 
tional Republican party, afterward called the Whig party. 

50. Compare the colonial industries of New England with 
those of South Carolina. 

51. Account for the disappearance of national political 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 27 

parties in Monroe's administration. On what questions did 
the people next divide into national parties? 

52. Describe the powers of the federal supreme court 
as given in the Constittuion and give an account of the 
growth of these powers through the influence of Justice 
John Marshall. 

53. Discuss the influence of the decisions of John Mar- 
shall upon the development of the powers of the national 
government, giving definite cases to illustrate your points. 

54. Show in what two ways each of the following has 
influenced American history: Benjamin Franklin, Alexander 
Hamilton, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson. 



V. Social, Industrial and Economic Development. 
1760-1829 

Progress of Democracy in the United States ' 
(Continued) 

1. Account for the sudden growth of American ship- 
ping at the close of the i8th century. What is the present 
status of American shipping? Explain. 

2. Draw a map of that part of North America lying 
south of the northern boundary of the United States. On 
this map trace one important route by which explorers and 
settlers gained access to (a) the Mississippi valley, {h) the 
Pacific seaboard. 

3. Show the relation of each of the following factors 
to the prosperity of the United States, during the period 
1790-1820: (a) Hamilton's financial measures, {h) Louis- 
iana Purchase, (c) Napoleonic wars, {d) inventions. 

4. How was the foreign trade of the United States 
afifected by conditions in Europe during Jefferson's adminis- 
tration? How did his administration attempt to protect 
this trade? 

5. On a map indicate approximately the areas west of the 
Alleghany Mountains which were settled between 1783 and 
1803, and between 1803 and 1820. In your answer-book 



28 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

account for the rapidity witH which the later portions were 
settled. 

6. State when and explain why the Louisiana territory 
was ceded to (a) Spain, (b) France, (c) the United States. 

7. Napoleon said of Louisiana: "This territory j/re/z^r/Zz^n^ 
forever the poiver of the United States; and I have just 
given to England a inaritijiie rival that imll, sooner or later, 
hiunble her pride." 

Show wherein events have partially or wholly verified 
each of these predictions of Napoleon. 

8. Robert Fulton did not make nor run the first steam- 
boat. Why then has he won such deserved fame? Show 
how the use of the steamboat was much more practicable 
for the United States of his day than the later invention 
of the railway could have been. 

9. Explain how the War of 1812 affected the shipping 
interests of New England and show what marked industrial 
changes resulted. 

10. When and under what circumstances did the United 
States acquire Florida? Mention any previous changes in 
jurisdiction over this territory. 

11. Show the origin of the name of the present State 
of Florida. Mention the changes of national ownership 
of Florida in 1763, 1783 and 18 19 giving the causes of these 
changes. 

12. What economic conditions led to the construction of 
the Erie canal ? 

13. State in regard to the Erie canal (fl) its purpose, 
{h) the approximate date of its completion, (c) its influence 
on the growth of New York State, {d) why it is less used 
now than formerly, {e) arguments for or against its en- ^ 
laigement. 

14. Describe three important routes by which emigrants 
reached the middle west before railroads were built. In 
what two ways did the railroad help the growth of the 
west ? 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 29 

VI. Political History of the Period. 1829-1865 

Progress of Democracy in the United States 
(Continued) 

1. Andrew Jackson was called a "man of the people." 
What qualities in him appealed to the people of the south 
and the west and were largely responsible for his election 
in 1828? 

2. Give three reasons for regarding the year 1829 as the 
beginning of an epoch in American history. 

3. What was the occasion of the Webster-Hayne debate 
of 1830? What was the main point at issue in this debate? 
What position did each statesman take on the main issue? 

4. State three decided changes in government policy dur- 
ing Jackson's administration. 

5. It is sorrietimes stated that the modern political machine 
is an outgrowth of the political methods of Andrew Jack- 
son's time. Explain clearly the meaning of the italicized 
words and give facts to show the truth or the falsity of 
this statement. 

6. Give an account of the rise and fall of either the 
Federalist party or the Whig party. Include in your account 
(a) important policies, (i*) achievements, (r) prominent 
leaders, {d) causes of downfall. 

7. How have the provisions of the Constitution regarding 
the election of the president been modified in practice by 
the development of the party system? 

8. Jackson's election and administration are said to have 
been "a second democratization of the government." In 
what sense is this true? Under whom had occurred the 
first democratization? 

9. What are state banks and how do they differ from 
national banks? What do the terms "wild cat currency" 
and "pet banks" mean, used in relation to the Jacksonian 
period ? 

10. Show in what two ways each of the following has 
influenced American history : Benjamin Franklin, Alexander 
Hamilton, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson. 

11. What was the part played in the financial history 



30 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

of the United States by Alexander Hamilton and Andrew 
Jackson ? 

12. Give briefly a political opinion with which the name 
of each of the following is connected and tell when the 
influence of each was greatest: Hamilton, Jefferson, Clay, 
Jackson. 

13. State the cause of dissatisfaction with the national 
government and the measures taken or proposed for obtain- 
ing redress in the case of (a) Kentucky and Virginia in 
1798, (b) Massachusetts in 1814, (r) South Carolina in 

1832-3. 

14. Explain what is meant by the ''compact theory" of 
the constitution. Name three prominent advocates of the 
theory before 1840. In what documents is the theory set 
forth? State concisely the arguments in its favor. 

15. Give an account of two of the following, touching 
on causes and results: (a) Shay's Rebellion, (b) the Whisky 
Insurrection, (r) Dorr's Rebellion, (d) the Antirent 
Rebellion. 

16. What was the basis of our claim to the Oregon 
teritory? Mention the events leading to the acquisition of 
this territory. * 

17. Give tzi'o causes and three results of the Mexican 
War. 

18. Explain with some detail how the discovery of gold 
in California caused serious political controversy. State 
the outcome. 

19. Outline briefly the growth of the dominant political 
parties in the United States from 1789 to 1849. 

20. (a) What were the economic consequences of the 
invention of the cotton gin? (b) What were the political 
consequences of the discovery of gold in California? 

21. Discuss the Causes and results of the Mexican War. 

22. Name the present states and territories included in 
ih? territory acquired as a result of the war with Mexico. 

23. In what elections was Henry Clay a candidate for 
the presidency? State the issues, the names of the rival 
canclidates, and the results in each, explaining fully the rea- 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 31 

sons for his defeat in the last election in which he was a 
candidate. 

24. Outline briefly the history of the Mexican War. How 
did the acquisition of the southwest territory afifect the 
slavery question? 

25. State how the slavery question affected (a) the forma- 
tion of the Constitution, (b) the admission of Missouri, 

(c) the annexation of Texas, (d) the admission of Cali- 
fornia, (e) the rise or fall of political parties. 

26. Give an account of the Mexican War, including date, 
cause, supporters and opponents in the U. S., and terms 
of the treaty of peace. 

2y. Explain the influence of each of the following on 
the extension of slavery: (a) the Ordinance of 1787, (b) 
the Missouri Compromise, (c) the Compromise of 1850, 

(d) the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. 

28. Discuss the political careers of two of the following 
statesmen, indicating the attitude of each of the two tov/ard 
at least tzvo great public questions : Webster, Calhoun, Clay. 

29. Name the measures that gave Henry Clay the title 
of the Great Compromiser and tell what you know of one 
of them. 

30. Under what circumstances and when was the state 
of California admitted into the Union 

31. Draw a map of the United States and on it show 
how the country was divided by the Kansas-Nebraska Bill 
(1854). Indicate (i) the slave states, (2) the free states, 
(3) the territory open to slavery by the principles of Popu- 
lar Sovereignty. 

32. Write brief explanatory notes on four of the follow- 
ing: border states, committees of correspondence, strict 
constructionist, rule of war of 17^6, "fifty- four forty or 
fight," squatter sovereignty. 

33. Tell how each of three of the following papers came 
to be written and state the result that each was intended 
to secure: (a) The Federalist, (&) the Virginia Resolutions 
1798, (c) Calhoun's Exposition and Protest of 1828, (d) 
the Ostend Manifesto of 1854. 



32 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

34. Discuss two of the following events, giving ap- 
proximate dates: Hartford Convention, Missouri Com- 
promise, Dred Scott Decision. 

35. What was the nature of two of the following deci- 
sions of the United States Supreme Court? What is the 
constitutional importance of one decision? (a) Dred Scott 
Case, (b) McCitUoch rs. Maryland, (c) Dartmouth College 
Case. 

36. Describe the origin of the present Republican party. 

37. Give the significant steps in the growth of the slavery 
controversy from the stoppage of the foreign slave trade 
(1808) to the Dred Scott Decision. 

38. Give an account of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, 
touching on (a) time and place, (b) purpose and subjects 
of debate, (c) results and importance. 

39. Mention the principal subject or subjects of political 
controversy between 1830 and 1840, between 1850 and i860. 
Illustrate by mentioning the principal measures and events 
of those periods. 

40. What conditions not political helped to keep the states 
together from the Revolution to the Civil War? What 
conditions promoted disunion during the earlier part of that 
period? during the later part? 

41. Give an account of the circumstances that first en- 
abled the present Republican party to win a presidential 
campaign. 

42. When, where and as a result of what conditions did 
the present Republican party originate? With what can- 
didate and what platform did it make its first national 
campaign ? 

43. What causes, other than slavery, brought about the 
Civil War? 

44. Was slavery a leading cause of (a) the Mexican War, 
(b) the Civil War? Give reasons for the answer in each 
case. 

45. Trace the public career of Stephen A. Douglas. 
.46. What was the "Irrepressible Conflict"? Give an 

account of three efforts made to avoid it. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 33 

47. State measures or a general policy advocated by each 
of three of the following: Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, 
Daniel Webster, Stephen A. Douglas. 

48. Who were the candidates for the presidency in i860? 
What party did each represent? Who won? What were 
the reasons for his victory? 

49. Contrast the conduct of President Jackson in dealing 
with nullification with that of President Buchanan in the 
crisis of 1860-61. 

50. On map indicate as accurately as possible: (a) the 
Louisiana purchase; (b) the states formed out of the 
Oregon territory; (c) the border states which did not secede 
from the Union. 

51. What were the leading causes of the panic of 1837? 
Of 1860-1861? 

52. Compare briefly the economic conditions of the North 
and the South at the opening of the Civil War. 

53. Show the effect of (a) the intercolonial wars on the 
American Revolution, (b) the Mexican War on the Civil 
War. 

54. After reading a textbook, to what more complete 
secondary authorities would you turn for information on 
each of the following subjects: (a) the Constitutional Con- 
vention of 1787, (b) Lincoln's attitude on slavery? [Name 
fzvo books in each case.] 

55. Outline the history of the secession movement, in- 
cluding in your answer the appearance of this movement 
in the second, fourth and sixth decades of the 19th century. 

56. It is sometimes said that the Civil War was brought 
about by fanatical reformers on the one side and ambitious 
politicians on the other. Discuss this statement, giving 
specific events to show the truth or the error of it. 

57. Sketch the public career of one of the following men, 
showing how his life has influenced the history of our 
country: John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, John C. 
Calhoun, William H. Seward. 

58. Draw a map of the United States. On it locate 
Mason and Dixon's Line and the parallel of 36° 30'. In- 



34 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

dicate by a heavy or double line a northeastern and a north- 
western section of the boundary of the United States over 
each of which there was a dispute afterward settled by 
treaty. 

59. If the seceding states had peacefully withdrawn from 
the Union in 1861, what causes for future strife would 
have remained 

60. ]\Iark on map: (a) Mason and Dixon's line and the 
important boundary lines established in the years 1818 and 
1819 writing the date on each, (b) The area in which 
slavery was prohibited by the Missouri Compromise, (c) 
The location and name of four of the following places : 

the American post surrendered to the British by 
General Hull in 1812, 

site of Cornwallis' surrender in 1781, 

tirst permanent French settlement on the St. Law- 
rence, 

place of Lee's surrender, 

first Confederate state restored by Congress to full 
privileges in the Union, 

a state formed out of another state. 

61. What were the causes of northern opposition to the 
abolition movement ? 

62. State four important problems which confronted the 
military and naval strategists of the United States during 
the Civil War. Briefly trace the operations found necessary 
in the solution of one of these problems. 

63. Draw a map of the southern states and on it indicate 
three points specially guarded in enforcing the blockade. 
Show why each was important. 

64. Define or explain, with reference to the Civil War, 
four of the following: (a) blockade-runner; (b) contra- 
band of war, (c) draft, (d) copperhead, (e) "Cotton is 
king," (/) Trent affair. 

65. Write on two of the following: (a) geographic 
divisions of the area of the Southern Confederacy, (b) the 
effect of the geographic divisions of the Confederacy on 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 35 

the campaigns of the Civil War, (c) why Virginia became 
the great battleground of the Civil War. 

66. Show by map the territory under control of the 
Confederates and of the Federals in January, 1863. 

67. On map indicate what States were at war with the 
United States in January, 1863, and in your answer book 
tell what became of the slaves therein. Also indicate on 
the same map other states where there were slaves at that 
time, and in your answer book tell what became of these 
slaves. 

68. What were four important steps in the development 
of the slavery controversy from the end of the Mexican 
War to the outbreak of the Civil War? Explain the sig- 
nificance of each of the four. 

69. Show why the Emancipation Proclamation was im- 
practicable in 1 86 1, and necessary in 1863. When and 
how did the United States free the slaves in the loyal states > 

70. Compare the purpose of Burgoyne's campaign in 
1777 with the purpose of the Union campaigns in the Mis- 
sissippi valley, 1862-63. Give an outline sketch of the latter 
campaigns. 

71. Where is the Shenandoah valley? In what respect 
was Sheridan's raid of that valley like Sherman's March 
to the Sea? 

/2. State the immediate and the remote results of the 
Emancipation Proclamation. 

y^,. It is said that reconstruction did more than war to 
embitter the relations between North and South. Explain. 

74. "The abolition of slaves was necessary to the indus- 
trial freedom of the South." Discuss fully this statement. 

75. Mention at least two cases of political opposition to 
the Supreme Court of the United States, and explain fully 
the nature of the opposition in each case. 

76. What causes other than political hindered the spread 
of slavery in the West? Was the abolition of slavery an 
injury or a benefit to the South? 

yy. Why did not President Lincoln declare slavery 
abolished at the beginning of the Civil War? Why, after 



36 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

the Emancipation Proclamation, was it necessary to pass 
the 13th amendment? 

yS. Show (a) how the battle of Saratoga was the turning 
point of the Revokition, (b) how the events of July, 1863, 
proved to be the crisis of the Civil War. 

79. Show how each of three of the following factors 
contributed to the downfall of tire Confederacy: (a) the 
naval blockade, (b) the opening of the Mississippi, (c) the 
Emancipation Proclamation, (d) foreign immigration be- 
tween 1850 and i860. 

80. Write an account, not exceding 75 words, of one of 
the following battles, explaining the circumstances under 
which the battle was fought and giving its historic im- 
portance; pay special attention to clearness and conciseness 
of statement: (a)* Perry's victory on Lake Erie, (b) the 
battle of Gettysburg, (c) the battle of Long Island. 

81. Draw a map of the United States. On this map 
indicate, with names, (a) the seceding slave states, (b) 
the loyal slave states, (c) four of the following strategic 
points in the Civil War: Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Mobile, 
Richmond, the Shenandoah valley, Appomattox. 

82. Give an account of the -political career of one of the 
following and indicate his attitude on each of tzi^o national 
issues: Hamilton, Webster, Lincoln. 

83. Give a brief estimate of the value to the country of 
the services of each of the following: Andrew Jackson, 
Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Abraham Lincoln. 

84. Compare Washington with Lincoln as regards (a) 
birth, (b) education in school and in practical affairs, (c) 
public services, (d) ability to understand the people. 

85. (a) State the author and title of any book or books 
which you have used in addition to your text-book in con- 
nection with any one of the following topics: 

(i) The life of an Englishman connected with American 
history. 

(2) A battle or campaign of the American Revolution. 

(3) A battle or campaign of the Civil War. 

(4) Slavery. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 37 

(5) The Tariff. 

(6) Social life in one of the Colonies. 

(b) Discuss the topic you have chosen, showing the results 
of your outside reading. 

86. Give an account of one major campaign of the Civil 
War, mentioning leaders, battles fought and territory gained 
or lost. 

87. Tell the story of the Gettysburg campaign. What 
was its significance? 

88. State the approximate money cost of the Civil War 
to the United States government. Explain the various 
means employed to meet this cost. 

89. Write on two of the following topics, choosing one 
from a and one from b: 

a (i) The purpose and the nature of Washington's ob- 
servations when visiting the Ohio valley in 1770. 

(2) The subjects discussed and the spirit shown in the 

Lexington town meetings. 

(3) Governor Hutchinson's explanation of his course 

in regard to the vessels that were bringing tea 
to Boston. 
b (i) Two noteworthy observations made by Sir 
Charles Lyell while traveling in the Southern 
states. 

(2) General Grant's account of the circumstances at- 

tending General Lee's surrender. 

(3) Contemporary exposition of the Constitution. 

90. Write on one of the following topics from a and 
on one from b, first naming in each case the book from 
which you have, in outside reading, obtained information 
on the topic chosen : 

a (i) Henry Hudson's account of his experiences while 
near the head of navigation on the Hudson. 

(2) What John Smith noticed about the religious cus- 

toms of the Indians, their strength and their 
endurance. 

(3) Arguments advanced among the Pilgrims for and 

against going to Guiana rather than to Virginia, 



88 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

(4) Adrian \^an der Donck's description of the agricul- 
tural methods employed by the New Netherlands 
in 1655. 
b (i) The estimate placed on the United States Con- 
stitution by a contemporary. 

(2) Observations made by Sir Charles Lyell in 184 1 

while traveling in New York State. 

(3) General Grant's description of the meetings be- 

tween General Lee and himself at the time of 
General Lee's surrender. 

91. Sketch the history of the second United States bank. 

92. With reference to John C. Calhoun state: (a) Public 
offices held, (i*)' Attitude towards the tariff, (c) View of 
States' rights. 

93. Explain the circumstances which led to the proclama- 
tion of the Monroe Doctrine. 

94. What is meant by the "Spoils System"? When did 
it come into use, and does it still exist? 

95. Define briefly : Monroe Doctrine, Popular Sovereignty, 
Underground Railway, Missouri Compromise. 

96. State the reasons why the North opposed and the 
South advocated each of the following: (0) the War of 
1812, (b) the annexation of Texas, (r) the Dred Scott 
Decision. 

97. Explain the circumstances which led to the adoption 
of the compromise of 1833. 

98. Sketch the life of Henry Clay. 

99. What was the "Era of Good Feeling"? What new 
political issues put an end to it? What party upheld these 
policies? 

100. To what political party did President Monroe be- 
long? State the Monroe Doctrine. What caused President 
Monroe to declare it ? Is the Monroe Doctrine a law or 
merely tlie expression of a poHcy? 

loi. State the occasion, terms and resuUs of the Missouri 
Com]:)romise. 

102. What were the causes of Henry Clay's failure to 
become President? 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 89 

103. Mention the public offices held by Andrew Jackson, 
his view of States' rights, and his attitude toward the United 
States Bank. 

104. Write a biographical account of one of the following 
men with particular reference to his public services: (a) 
Andrew Jackson, (b) Daniel Webster. 

105. Sketch the history of the nullification movement in 
South Carolina. Distinguish between nullification and 
secession. 

106. For what events is the history of the United States 
during the period of 1829-1837 remarkable? Give a brief 
description of each. 

107. Sketch the history of the abolition movement after 
1829. How did Congress dispose of anti-slavery petitions? 

108. Give an account of Jackson's attack upon the United 
States bank. What was the Specie Circular? 

109. Mark on the outline map the position of the follow- 
ing and associate each with an historical event : Providence, 
Mobile, Yorktown, The Oregon Country, Hartford. 

no. With reference to Daniel Webster mention: (a) 
Public offices held, (b) View of States' rights, (c) Attitude 
towards slavery in the territories. 

111. Discuss the annexation of Texas and its results. 

112. Give the history of the problem of constructing an 
Isthmian Canal, beginning with the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 
of 1850. 

113. When and in what circumstances did the modern 
Republican party originate? Is it the logical successor of 
the Jeft'ersonian Republican party? 

114. How did the United States secure Oregon? 

115. Explain the attitude toward slavery of each political 
party in i860. 

116. Show the connection between the invention of the 
reaper and the development of the West. 

117. Who were the leaders and what were the principles 
of the Republican party in the years before it elected a 
President? From what older parties was it mainly re- 
cruited ? 



40 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

1 1 8. Give an account of the exceptional features of the 
presidential elections of 1800 and i860. 

1 19. Mark the territory gained by the United States prior 
to 1 86 1 through treaty with (a) England, (b) France, (c) 
Spain, (d) Mexico, (a) Mark with the letter O the states 
to which the Ordinance of 1787 appUed ; (b) Mark with 
the letter L the states formed from the Louisiana purchase ; 
(c) i\Iark with the letter M the states formed from the 
Mexican purchase. 

120. Make clear the relation which these men had to the 
struggles over slavery: Lovejoy, Clay, Douglas, Seward, 
Calhoun. 

121. What is the significance of each of the following 
in American history? Gadsden Purchase, Saratoga, Seward, 
Alabama Claims, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. 

122. The election of 1800. Who were the candidates? 
What were the claims of each for support? The election of 
1824. Who were the candidates? For which one would 
you have voted? Why? The election of i860. Who were 
the candidates ? For which one would you have voted ? 
Why? 

123. How did climatic, agricultural, and industrial con- 
ditions afifect the slavery question, both in the colonial period 
and subsequently until i860? 

124. In the history of the slavery controversy in the 
United States, what was the significance of: (a) The Mis- 
souri Compromise, (b) The Compromise of 1850, (c) The 
Kansas-Nebraska Act, (d) The Dred Scott case, (e) The 
Emancipation Proclamation, (/) The Thirteenth Amend- 
ment. 

125. What is the significance of each of the following 
in American history? Writs of Assistance, Credit Mobilier, 
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, Chickamauga, the Embargo Act. 

126. How did the South defend their views that they had 
a right to secede? 

127. Illustrate on the outline map what has been meant at 
various times by the terms Virginia, Louisiana, Oregon. 

128. What were the four parties in the presidential cam- 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 41 

paign of i860, and what was the attitude of each toward 
slavery ? 

129. In what respect was slavery the cause of the Civil 
War? What was the immediate cause of the war? 

130. Sketch the leading events in the history of the 
slavery question from 1820 to i860. 

131. With reference to Stephen A. Douglas discuss (a) 
His doctrine of Popular Sovereignty, (b) His candidacy for 
the presidency. 

132. What were the views of the Republican party on 
the slavery question in i860. 

133. Give an account of some of the attempts made in 
1 860- 1 86 1 to settle the differences between the sections with- 
out recourse to war. Why did the Crittenden Compromise 
fail? 

134. What was President Buchanan's attitude on the 
question of secession in the winter of 1860-1861? How 
did he deal with Fort Sumter? 

135. Upon what theory did South Carolina base its de- 
mand for the evacuation of Fort Sumter? Give an account 
of the circumstances which led to its bombardment. 

136. Explain the process by which slavery was finally 
abolished between 1861 and 1865. Why did President Lin- 
coln wait until after a victory to issue the Emancipation 
Proclamation ? 

137. For what are the following significant in American 
history? Hayne, Trenton, Ericsson, Nullification, Trent 
Affair? 

138. When did the Civil War occur? What states 
seceded from the Union? Upon what terms were they 
restored ? When ? 

139. Write on A. Lincoln, treating the following topics: 
(a) attitude towards slavery, (b) reason for Emancipation 
Proclamation, (c) speeches, (d) personality. ' 

140. Explain how any two of the following crises tested 
the strength of the Union: Whisky Insurrection, Virginia 
and Kentucky Resolutions, Buri;'s Conspiracy, Opposition 



42 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

to the Embargo, Hartford Convention, Ordinance of Seces-^ 
sion. 

141. Show on map the states or parts of states (not 
including West Virginia) which, being still members of the 
Confederate States of America, were in possession of 
federal troops at the time of the battle of Gettysburg. 

142. Explain briefly the principal events of the most 
critical year of the Civil War. 

143. Locate on the map these places : Roanoke Island, 
Island No. 10, Tippecanoe, Mobile, Appomattox, Cowpens, 
and the capital of the U. S. 118 years ago. 

144. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? When 
and by whom issued? When was it put into force? Was 
that the end of the matter? 

145. Account for the failure of the Southern States to 
break up the Union. 

146. In what ways did the Federal government meet the 
extraordinary expenditures of the war of 1861-1865? Dis- 
cuss the financial resources of the South during same period. 

147. Write an account of one diplomatic, one financial, 
and one naval event of the Civil War. 

148. Locate on the map these places: Vicksburg, Mack- 
inac, King's Mountain, Chickamauga, Fort Stanwix, Lundy's 
Lane. 

149. Mark on the outline map the following places, and 
write a few lines, in your examination book, on the his- 
torical importance of each: Chancellorsville, Detroit, Phila- 
delphia, St. Augustine, Vicksburg. 

150. How did geographical conditions affect the history 
of (a) the early settlements, (b) the revolutionary struggle, 
(c) the struggle for and against slavery? 

151. Mark on the outline maps as definitely as possible 
five of the following: Fort Duquesne, Northwest Territory, 
Providence, Richmond, Saratoga. 

152. Give an accovmt of the life and work of Charles 
Sumner. 

153. Explain the method of impeachment, and give an 
account of one impeachment case. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 43 

154. Give some idea of what was done after the Civil 
War with the states that had attempted secession. 

155. What were the matters in dispute between President 
Johnson and Congress? What was the outcome of the 
dispute. 

156. Explain: Freedman's Bureau, Military Reconstruc- 
tion, Purchase of Alaska. 

157. State briefly the objects of the thirteenth, fourteenth, 
and fifteenth amendments. 

158. Compare the Lincoln- Johnson plan of reconstruction 
with the congressional plan. 

159. (i) The controversy between President Johnson and 
Congress over the reconstruction policy. (2) Successes and 
failures of reconstruction. 

160. What do you mean by ''reconstruction"? What was 
the policy of President Lincoln in this matter? 

161. What part did Charles Sumner and Thaddeus 
Stevens play in reconstruction. 

162. Explain the controversy between the President and 
Congress over reconstruction in the South. 

163. What was Lincoln's plan for reconstruction and how 
was it affected by his death? What was Johnson's plan 
for reconstruction and how was it affected by his impeach- 
ment ? What was the congressional plan for reconstruction 
and how was it affected by the election of Grant? 

164. Why was the death of Lincoln a serious injury 
to the South? 

VII. General Progress. 1829-1865 

Progress of Democracy in the United States 
(Continued) 

I . Mark on map : 

(a) the places on the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cum- 

berland rivers which were fortified by the Con- 
federates ; 

(b) such portions of the following parallels of latitude 

as were at some time parts of the boundary of 



44 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

the United States: 31° NX., 42° NX., 49° N.L., 
54° 40' N.L. By what treaty was each accepted 
as a boundary? 
(c) the route of Braddock's march, the Cumberland 
Road, the western boundary of Maryland, the 
Union Pacific Railroad, the settlements of the 
Mormons. 

2. Draw a map of the United States and on it trace two 
routes of migration (a) from the eastern to the central 
states, (b) from the central states westward. 

3. What have been the chief periods of western migra- 
tion in our history and what have been the chief incentives 
in each? In what different ways has the western emigrant 
been able to get land? 

4. On map mark as definitely as possible the boundaries 
of the Oregon territory in 1850. In your answer book 
indicate how the northern boundary was determined. 

5. Draw a map of the United States and on it indicate 
(a) the Louisiana Purchase, (b) the Northwest Territory 
of 1787, (c) the Gadsden Purchase. 

6. Mention, with names of inventors, three American 
inventions that have had an important influence in the 
development of the United States. Explain the influence 
of one of these inventions. 

7. Mention one American invention in each of four of 
the following fields, giving (a) approximate date, (b) name 
of the inventor, (c) some account of the benefits derived: 
transportation, communication, domestic work, agriculture, 
ofiice work. 

8. Discuss the causes of the growth of the Middle West 
during the first half of the 19th century. 

9. Sketch the history of railroads in the United States. 
Include (a) the beginnings of railroad construction, (b) twa 
periods of special growth, (c) land grants, (d) govern- 
mental regulation. 

10. Mention izvo important changes in American indus- 
tries due to inventions. Mention tzuo inventions that have 
aided the rapid growth of cities during the past century. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 45 

State briefly two great municipal problems resulting from 
this rapid growth of cities. 

11. State causes that led to a large immigration to the 
United States during, the 30 years preceding the Civil War 
and show the great political and industrial importance to 
this country of such immigration. 

12. On map mark as definitely as possible four of the 
following: Gettysburg, Yorktown, Gadsden Purchase, both 
Kansas and Nebraska as outlined by the Kansas-Nebraska 
act of 1854, site of the earhest American college. 

13. Describe the origin and status of the "poor whites" 
of the south. 

14. Contrast the planner aristocracy and the poor white 
class in the South before the Civil War in respect to num- 
bers, wealth, and influence. 

15. Explain the difiference between a tarifif for revenue 
and a tariiT for protection. Is the present tariff a protective 
or a revenue tarifif? What was the attitude of the Southern 
states toward a protective tariff before the Civil War? 
Why has that attitude partially changed? 

16. What territory has been acquired by the U. S. other- 
wise than by conquest? 

17. How has the history of the U. S. been affected by 
(a) the Ordinance of 1787, {h) the Lewis and Clark ex- 
pedition, (c) the discovery of gold in California? 

18. What were the so-called slavery compromises of the 
Constitution? When did they become obsolete? 

19. How were the slavery questions which grew out of 
the Mexican War settled in 1850? 

20. Show on a map of the U. S. what portions of the 
country were closed to slavery in 185 1, and under what 
law. 

21. What three compromises were brought about by 
Henry Clay? Describe one in detail. 

22. What methods of extending slavery were represented 
in the Kansas-Nebraska bill and the Ostend manifesto? 

23. What was the Wilmot Proviso? When and under 
what circumstances was it proposed? What became of it? 



46 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

24. What was the doctrine of ''Squatter Sovereignty"? 
Who was its principal champion? What measure of success 
did he have with it? 

25. Give an account of the principal American wa-iters 
of the Golden Age of American Literature. 

26. Locate (i) Albany, (2) Cowpens, (3) Charleston, 
(4) Vicksburg, (5) San Francisco, mentioning briefly an 
account of historical importance which occurred at each 
place that you have thus located. 

2'j. Show how the grow^th of the West from 18 15 to 1840 
affected political parties and political issues. Describe the 
various methods by which the Federal Government obtained 
the money necessary for carrying on the Civil War. 

28. What was the stake in the contest over Kansas ? 

29. Mark on the map the present Territories of the 
U. S., and all States which have not passed through the 
territorial stage. Locate on the map these places : Santa 
Fe, Natchez, Portsmouth, Kaskasia, Astoria, Chattanooga, 
Fort Wayne, Lancaster. 

VIII. Political Development. 1865-1920 

Progress of Democracy in the United States 
(Continued) 

1. Write an account of the services of foreigners to 
America during either the Revolution or the Civil War. 

2. What were the causes of the impeachment of President 
Johnson ? Describe his trial. 

3. Explain the plan of reconstruction adopted by Con- 
gress in 1867, and show in what respects it was subject 
to criticism. 

Explain each of the following terms : copperhead, carpet- 
bagger, writ of habeas corpus, Free-soiler, Populist, pet 
banks. 

4. Summarize the successive steps, beginning with Lin- 
coln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation and ending 
with the 15th amendment, by which the negro became a 
voting citizen. 

5. What acts of President Lincoln during the Civil War 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY # 

were criticized as unconstitutional ? On what grounds were 
the acts mentioned in your answer defended? 

6. State the purpose and the general provisions of each 
of iivo of the following measures : Freedmen's Bureau Bill, 
Civil Rights Bill, Reconstruction Act of 1867, Tenure of 
Office Act. 

7. Contrast President Lincoln's plan of reconstruction 
with the plan decided Upon by Congress in 1867. 

8. The reestablishment of a real national brotherhood 
between the North and the South could be attained only 
on the basis of a sincere and genuine acknowledgment by 
the South that secession was an error as well as a failure. 
I come now to supplement this contention with the proposi- 
tion that a corresponding acknowledgment on the part of 
the North in regard to Reconstruction between 1866 and 
1876 is equally necessary. 

With reference to the above quotation, give two reasons 
why secession may be regarded as an error and two reasons 
why the reconstruction policy may be regarded as an error. 

9. What statement in the Constitution was modified by 
the 15th amendment? 

10. Group the amendments to the Federal Constitution 
on the basis of the approximate dates of their enactment 
and indicate the purpose of each group. 

11. Discuss General Grant's career as president of the 
United States. Explain the prevalence of corruption in 
public life directly after the Civil War. 

12. The eight to seven decision (of the disputed election 
of President Hayes) became a byword in politics, and they 
were generally regarded as proof that even members of 
the Supreme Court were controlled by party bias. But this 
discreditable result was more than offset by the notable 
spectacle of half a nation submitting quietly, even in time 
of intense party feeling, to a decision that had the form 
of law. Rarely, in any country, has free government been 
subjected to such a strain — or withstood one so tri- 
umphantly. 

With reference to the a,boYQ quotation, describe {a) the 



#8 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

conditions that led to the appointment of an electoral com- 
mission, {b) the composition of this commission, (c) the 
character and influence of its decision. 

13. State what is meant hy each of four of the following: 
(a) paper blockade, {b) contraband of w^ar, (c) the "open 
door" policy, (d) the "higher law" doctrine, (c) Ku-Klux 
Klan, (/) resumption of specie payments, (g) preferential 
ballot, (h) Credit Mobilier. 

14. Name three great American statesmen who were 
unsuccessful candidates for the presidency and in the case 
of each indicate what training and experience specially fitted 
him for this office. 

15. Show briefly the importance in American history of 
each of three of the following: the Homestead Act of 1862, 
the Geneva Arbitration 1872, the Interstate Commerce Act 
1887, the Civil Service Act 1883. 

16. Explain fully the efl:'ects of the development of cotton- 
growing upon the political history of the United States. 

17. Discuss as fully as possible the influences of the 
following as leaders of pubic opinion: Jefferson, Lincoln, 
Cleveland. 

18. Name four political parties that have elected presi- 
dents of the United States. Name the president chosen 
by each of these parties previous to 1900. State and explain 
briefly an important policy advocated by each of three of 
these parties. 

19. Describe the relations between the United States and 
Great Britain during each of three distinct periods in the 
19th century. 

20. Explain the career of each of tzvo of the following 
as public men : Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, James G. 
Blaine. 

21. Discuss the causes of each of tzvo financial panics 
in the United States. 

22. From 1873 to 1896 the advocates of silver money 
were urging increased and freer coinage of that metal. Give 
an account of the chief incidents in that movement. 

23. What is the Monroe doctrine? Discuss one of the 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 49 

following in relation to the Monroe doctrine: Venezuela 
affair, Magdalena Bay incident, San Domingo incident. 

24. Explain what is meant by five of the following terms: 
the Star Route Frauds, Mugwumps, the Bland-Allison Act, 
Wilmot Proviso, Compulsory Arbitration, Copperheads. 

What books, or selections from books, have you read in 
addition to your textbook on any of these topics, or on any 
other subjects connected with the course? 

25. Mention three causes of the split in the Republican 
party in 1872. 

26. Give the names of the opposing political parties in 
(a) 1800, (b) 1840, (c) 1880. State a political issue that 
was important at each of these dates. 

27. What were the leading political issues in two presi- 
dential campaigns since 1864? . 

28. State the most important provision of each of the 
following: (a) the Specie Circular of 1836, (b) The In- 
dependent Treasury Act of 1846, (c) the Legal Tender 
Act of 1862, (•(/) the Bland-Alhson Act of 1878. 

29. Mention some ^f the works of public utility under- 
taken or aided by the national government (a) during the 
early part of the 19th century, (b) during the 20th century. 
Compare the attitude of the dominant political party toward 
such works in Jackson's administration with the attitude 
of the dominant party in Roosevelt's administration. 

30. Mention the most important public service of each 
of four of the following, selecting two from each group: 
(i) Sir William Johnson, Peter Schuyler, Nicholas 
Herkimer, (2) De Witt Clinton, Peter Cooper, Samuel 
J. Tilden. 

31. Write fully on the public services of any one of the 
following men : U. S. Grant, John Marshall, Theodore 
Roosevelt. 

32. Name three of the greatest presidents and two of 
the weakest prior to 1880. Show how opportunity or quali- 
fications or both operated to determine the place in history 
of two of the presidents named. 

33. Compare the policies of the following presidents in 



50 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

making appointments to office: Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, 
Cleveland. 

34. Show that you have a definite knowledge of five 
of the following, writing at least four or five lines on each: 
the Webster-Hayne debate. Nullification, the Compromise 
of 1850, the Free Silver campaign, commission form of 
government for cities, McKinley tariff' act. 

35. Write fully on three of the following men: John 
Paul Jones, Carl Schurz, William H. Seward, John Adams, 
William McKinley. 

36. In what cases in the nineteenth century has the United 
States resorted to arbitration? Give an account of one of 
these cases, indicating the question at stake, its importance, 
and the result. Mention other ways in which the United 
States has shown interest in arbitration. 

38. Trace the expansion of the United States during thef 
past 50 years. Show what has been the influence of this 
expansion on the position of the United States as a world 
power. 

39. Mention three occasions on which difficulties have 
arisen between Great Britain and the United States and 
have been adjusted without war. Explain what each diffi- 
culty was and how it was adjusted. 

40. Briefly describe a diplomatic controversy with two 
of the following and state how each was settled: France, 
Spain, China, England. 

41. In what way did the United States intervene in Mexi- 
can affairs in 1866? Why did not this intervention occur 
earlier? State the doctrine involved in such intervention. 

42. Name four events since 1890 that have drawn the 
United States into world politics. Write on one of these 
events. 

43. Describe briefly three events since 1890 that have 
emphasized the position of the United States as a world 
power. 

44. Give an account of the dispute in 1895 over the 
eastern boundary line of Venezuela and show how the 
dispute was settled. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 51 

45. Name the foreign territorial acquisitions of the United 
States after 1865 and discuss the recent growth of American 
influence in the Orient. 

46. Give a brief account of our relations with Cuba. 
Include in your account (a) the Ostend Manifesto, (b) 
the Spanish- American War, (c) our present relations with 
Cuba. 

47. Tell the story of a famous naval engagement in which 
the United States navy has taken part. 

48. On map indicate as accurately as possible the terri- 
torial gains of the United States in North America since 
1783, showing for each the date and method of acquisition. 

49. On map indicate as accurately as possible the posses- 
sions which the United States owns outside the limits of 
the states. In your answer-book state briefly the circum- 
stances by which she came into control of each of these 
possessions. 

50. Give reason for the acquisition of each of four of the 
following: Florida, Texas, Alaska, Hawaiian islands, Porto 
Rico, Danish West Indies, Panama Canal Zone. 

51. Trace to political or social struggles across the At- 
lantic, the origin of three movements or events of American 
history, each in a different century. 

52. Give an account of the relations existing between 
Russia and the United States at three of the following times : 
1814, 1823, 1863-65, 1867, 191 1. 

53. Describe the relations of the United States and 
Mexico during three separate periods in the century from 
1815 to 1915. 

54. State the important features of the national banking 
system (a) before 1836, (b) since the Civil War, (c) under 
the currency law of 19 13. 

55. Indicate the position taken by the United States as 
to neutrality during the wars of the French Revolution 
( 1 792-1 815), in the Civil War (i 861 -1865), and in the 
European war of 1914-1915. What was Great Britain's 
record on neutrality during the Civil War in the United 
States ? 



52 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

56. Sketch the relations of the United States with China 
and Japan. 

57. Compare the methods which the United States has 
employed (a) for the government of territory which has 
been contiguous and (b) for that which has been separated 
from her by the seas, and account for the differences. 

58. What states have lately been admitted into the Union ? 
Trace the steps by which a territory usually attains state- 
hood. 

59. Mention several important changes in the government 
of the United States which have been prominently discussed 
since 1900? What are the arguments for and against two 
of these? What changes have been adopted? 

60. What are the provisions of the Constitution relating 
to (a) the election of members of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, (b) the election of United States senators? 

61. State the difference between a tariff tax and an income 
taxj Which in your judgment is better? Why? 

62. Why has the Senate become a much more powerful 
body than the House of Representatives, and in what sense 
may it be said to have "usurped powers belonging to the 
House and the President"? 

63. Draw an outline map of New York State and give 
tzuo incidents in the history of the state that have determined 
the location of a part of the boundary. 

64. State the importance of each of four of the follow- 
ing: (a) The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, (b) the 
Hartford Convention, (c) the Dred Scott Decision, (d) the 
resumption of specie payment, (e) the Federal Reserve 
banks. 

65. Give illustrations from four different periods of the 
history of the United States as a nation to show the division 
of political parties on national questions. 

66. Describe the presidential campaign of 1896. What 
new national issue appeared during the political campaign 
of 1900? 

6y. Compare American international relations during the 



QUI^STIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 53 

period i8cx)-i8i5 with those of today, showing points of 
similarity. Mention tzvo specific problems of each period. 

68. Mention, with approximate dates, periods in the his- 
tory of the United States when protection of home indus- 
tries by a high tariff has been a political policy of the 
government. Explain why so much anxiety and agitation 
have existed in this country at the prospect of a lowering 
of the tariff. 

69. What documents might be mentioned by the President 
in a message to Congress on (a) violation of the rights of 
neutrals at sea, {h) control of the Panama canal? 

70. Answer either a or h: 

a Compare the development of tariff sentiment up to the 
time of the Civil War with the new direction this 
development has taken since the Civil War. 

b Give the reasons why some citizens uphold and why 
others oppose the Underwood tariff of 1913. 

71. Mention five powers of the President of the United 
States and give an illustration from history of some noted 
icxercise of each. 

72. Many critics think that the government of the nation 
has too much power as compared with the government of 
.the states. Many hold the reverse opinion. State tzvo rea- 
Lsons in support of either view. 

73. By what authority and through what agency did the 
United States control interstate commerce before 1914? 

74. Sketch the history of the protective tariff in the 
United States. 

75. Enumerate the territorial annexations made by the 
United States from the close of the Civil War to the present 
day. Under what circumstances was each of these annexa- 
tions made? 

76. Give the history of the present Republican party from 
its founding up to the present time, stating its origin, the 
principles on which it was founded, its achievements and 
its present strength in the country. 

yy. Distinguish between arbitration and the making of a 
treaty. Mention two important treaties between the United 



54 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

States and a European nation and state the main question 
settled by each. 

78. Write briefly on one topic under a and on one topic 
under b, naming in each case the title of the book or selec- 
tion from which you obtained information on the topic 
chosen : 

a (i) President Monroe's views as to the mutual rela- 
tions of the United States and European powers. 

(2) Lincoln's argument in support of his statement, 

''I therefore consider that, in view of the Con- 
stitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken." 

(3) The Indians of Alaska. 

(4) The laying of the Atlantic cable. 

b (i) Henry W. Grady's account of how the Southerners 
took up the task of rebuilding the South at the 
close of the Civil War. 

(2) Sea-level and lock canals. 

(3) Penn's plan for avoiding war among European 

nations. 

79. Give a brief account of the Panama canal. Include 
in your account (a) treaties relating to it, (b) the acquisi- 
tion of a canal zone, (c) problems of construction and of 
administration, (d) commercial and military importance. 

80. Outline the tariff policy of the U. S. since 1865. 

81. What was the "occasion and what were the terms of 
(i) the Webster-Ashburton treaty, (2) The Clayton-Bulwer 
treaty, (3) The Treaty of Washington? 

82. Give an account of the life, character, and public 
services of U. S. Grant. 

83. Mention some notable decisions of the Supreme Court 
of the U. S. since the Civil War. What was the main point 
decided in each case? 

84. Name three important acts of Congress since the 
Civil War, and explain why each has been important. 

85. For what is the following noteworthy in American 
history? Alabama Claims; Burr; Albany Congress; Dorr 
Rebellion; Specie Circular; Tweed Ring; Ordinance of 
1787. /.r,- 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 55 

86. Under what circumstances did the U. S. acquire 
Alaska ; Hawaii ; the Louisiana Purchase ? What did the 
last include? 

87. Enumerate the leading principles or doctrines of the 
political parties, and indicate approximately when these 
parties existed : (i) Abohtionist, (2) Greenback, (3) Know- 
nothing. 

88. What was the Tenure of Office Act? Why passed? 
When repealed? 

89. Give the substance of four of the following Acts 
of Congress: (a) Electoral Count; (b) Embargo; (c) Fugi- 
tive Slave; (d) Resumption of Specie Payments; (e) 
Tenure of Office. 

90. Arrange in order of their occurrence the following 
events : The treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, the discovery 
of the Mississippi River, the death of Washington, the 
Proclamation of Emancipation, the settlement of Philadel- 
phia, the admission of California to the Union, the battle 
of Resaca de la Palma, the second inauguration of Presi- 
dent Cleveland, the veto of the greenback inflation bill, 
the first law authorizing the present national banking 
system. 

91. Discuss the presidential election of 1876. 

92. What were the Alabama Claims and how were they 
settled ? 

93. For what is each of the following noteworthy in 
American history ? Gallatin ; Stamp Act Congress ; Sedi- 
tion Act ; Tilden ; Embargo ; Douglas. 

94. In what case was the result of an election for the 
office of President disputed? What measure was adopted 
to secure a settlement and what were the terms? 

95. What is meant by the resumption of specie payment, 
and how was the resumption accomplished? 

96. Select two of the following men and give as to each 
of them the dates of his birth and death (as nearly as you 
can), the public offices which he held, and the facts called 
for below: i. Benjamin Franklin: (a) his work for union 
of the colonies, (b) his part in securing the French alii- 



56 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

ance. — 2. Alexander Hamilton: (a) his share in the adop- 
tion of the Federal Constitution, (b) the assumption of 
the state debts. — 3. Andrew Jackson: (a) his attitude to- 
wards nullification, (b) the reasons for his attack upon the 
United States Bank. — 4. James G. Blaine: (a) the quarrel 
with Roscoe Conkling. 

97. If you had been a voter in 1872, which of the candi- 
dates would you have supported, and why? What was the 
result of the election? 

98. Trace briefly the steps in the territorial expansion 
of the United States from 1783 to 1853. 

99. What reasons prompted the passage of three of the 
following laws : Chinese Immigration, Civil Service Reform, 
Alien and Sedition, Fugitive Slave, Interstate Commerce, 
Tenure of Office (1820)? 

100. Discuss the controversies over a National Bank 
from 1830 to 1845. The Presidential Elections of 1884, 
1888, and 1892. 

loi. If you had been a voter in 1884, which of* the can- 
didates would you have supported, and why? What was 
the result of the election? 

102. Explain the following terms : Kansas-Nebraska Bill ; 
Albany Plan of Union ; Specie Circular ; X Y Z Mission ; 
Inter-State Commerce Act. 

103. With reference to Grover Cleveland discuss: (a) 
His relation to Civil Service Reform, (b) The panic of 

1893. 

104. (Select any two of the following men and tell con- 
cerning each the dates of his birth and death, as nearly as 
you can, the public offices that he held, and the facts called 
for below) : i. Thomas Hutchinson: (a) His attitude toward 
the Stamp Act. (b) His character as a governor, (c) Was he 
a patriot? — 2. John Adams: (,a) His relation to the Declara- 
tion of Independence, (b) His diplomatic services, (c) 
His agreement with Hamilton. — 3. Grover Cleveland: (a) 
How and why was he first nominated for the presidency? 
(b) His Venezuela message? (c) His attitude towards the 
tariff. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 57 

105. Enumerate three events since 1890 which have em- 
phasized the position of the United States as a ''world 
power," and describe particularly one of them. Give the 
dates of the events mentioned. 

106. Name the most important event in American History 
among those which you know as having occurred in each 
of the following years : 1664, 1688, 1759, 1774, 1787, 1823, 
1840, 1854, 1867, 1873, 1893. 

107. For what reasons did some Americans oppose (a) 
the Revolutionary war; (b) the Mexican War; (c) the 
Spanish War? 

108. Compare the Hawaiian policies of Presidents Cleve- 
land and McKinley. What precedent was there for the an- 
nexation of territory by joint resolution instead of by 
treaty ? 

109. State the chief provisions and the chief result of 
four of the following acts: (a) Assumption, (b) Bland- 
Allison, (r) Electoral Count, (d) Embargo, (e) Fugitive- 
Slave, (/) Non-Intercourse, (g) Reconstruction, (h) Re- 
sumption of Specie Payments, (i) Kansas-Nebraska, (/) 
Tenure of Office. 

no. What were the provisions of the last treaty with 
Spain? Describe the present governmental organizations 
of the Philippines Islands. 

. III. State the reasons why the South opposed and the 
North advocated each of the following, (a) the tariff of 
1828, {b) the Wilmot Proviso, (r) the ''Force Bill" of 1833, 
of 1870, or of 1890. 

112. Discuss the origin of the Monroe Doctrine, and its 
applicability to the Venezuelan controversy of 1895, and to 
the San Domingo question of 1905- 1906. 

113. Compare or contrast the constitutional arguments 
against expansion in 1803 and in 1898. 

114. What three inventions have had most important 
effects upon American history? Give reasons for your 
choice. What were the terms of peace at the end of the 
Spanish- American War? Explain some of the political 



58 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

questions which have been forced into prominence as a 
result of that war. 

115. Tell what you can of the career of Theodore Roose- 
velt before he became President. What measures has he 
most strongly advocated during his presidency? 

116. Write briefly on the following topics: Locke's 
Fundamental Constitutions; the Compromises of the Con- 
stitution; Removal of Deposits; "Cotton is King"; KuKlux 
Klan; Reconcentrado. 

117. What territories and dependencies acquired from 
foreign nations have not yet been admitted as states ? How 
does our protective tariff affect this territory? 

118. Why were the U. S. and Spain at war in 1898? 
What were the results of the war? 

119. Outline the history of the relations between the 
U. S. and Cuba. 

IX. General Progress. 1865-1920 

Progress of Democracy in the United States 
(Continued) 

1. State with what subjects American literature was prin- 
cipally concerned in (a) the Colonial period, (b) the Revolu- 
tionary period. Show by reference to authors or books 
effects on literature of (a) the slavery dispute, (b) the 
Reconstruction period. 

2. Give a brief account of the industrial disorders during 
Hayes's administration. Why are such disorders more fre- 
quent now than during the colonial period? 

3. Discuss the new problems which the American people 
were called upon to solve as a result of the Spanish-Ameri- 
can War. 

4. Draw a map of the United States, Mexico and Central 
America. On this map indicate (a) all the territory ac- 
quired by the United States directly from Spain, (b) all 
teritory acquired by the United States directly from Mexico, 
(c) the location of the Panama canal. 

5. How was each of the following outlying possessions 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 59 

obtained : Alaska, Porto Rico, the Philippines, Guam, 
Hawaii? Tell something of the value and the importance 
of each. 

6. Draw the map of the United States. On it indicate, 
with names, the great midcontinental waterway with its two 
chief tributaries, and three cities of historic importance 
situated on these waters. Locate also the Hudson river 
and show its relation to military and commercial routes 
northward and westward. 

7. Sketch the history of railroads in the United States. 
Include (a) the beginnings of railroad construction, (b) 
two periods of special growth, (c) land grants, (d) govern- 
mental regulation. 

8. Show how the United States assists agriculture through 
each of four of the following agencies : (a) Weather Bureau, 
(b) Reclamation Service, (c) Bureau of Forestry, (d) 
agricultural experiment stations, (e) Interstate Commerce 
Commission. 

9. Draw a map of the United States and on it indicate 
important areas in which each of the following is produced : 

(a) coal, (b) iron, (c) gold, (d) cereals, (e) oil. 

10. Mention three causes of the rapid agricultural devel- 
opment of the west since i860. Show how this develop- 
ment has affected (a) the value of farm lands in the east, 

(b) industries in the east. 

11. What are the principal industries of the Pacific coast 
states? Show the relation of the transcontinental railroads 
to the development of these states. What advantage will 
follow the completion of the Panama canal? 

12. Give a full historical account of two of the following 
relating to the general progress of the United States since 
1865: (a) territorial accessions, (b) agriculture, noting 
extension of cultivated areas and improved methods, (c) 
growth of transportation, (d) concentration of capital in 
great enterprises. 

13. Draw a map of the United States. On it indicate 
the principal anthracite coal area, three great lumbering 
regions, the wheat belt, the cotton belt, the corn belt. Name 



60 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

one of the products indicated that has been the cause of 
a great poHtical disturbance. Explain. 

14. Describe the influence of each of the following on 
our merchant marine: (a) the Napoleonic wars, {h) steam 
and iron, (c) the Civil War. 

15. What great advantage came to the American people 
from each of tzvo of the following seeming disadvantages: 
the rocky soil of New England, the nearness of the Ap- 
palachian mountains to the Atlantic shore, the great moisture 
of the Gulf region? 

16. Describe the industrial and social progress of the 
South after the Civil War. 

17. Why has the foreign commerce of the United States 
hitherto been mainly along east and west lines rather than 
from north to south ? Why is a change of direction desired 
and what means have been taken to bring it about? 

18. How did the American merchant marine compare 
with that of other nations in 1800? in i860? in 19 10? 

Give an argument for and an argument against one of the 
following: ship subsidies, direct election of United States 
senators. 

19. State five influences on the social, political or economic 
life of the American people of today that have come to us 
from colonial times. 

20. Give four distinct reasons why the spread of popula- 
tion from the Alleghanies to the Pacific was much more 
rapid than from the Atlantic to the Alleghanies. 

21. Trace the expansion of the United States during the 
past 50 years. Show what has been the influence of this 
expansion on the position of the United States as a world 
power. 

22. On a map of the United States (a) indicate, with 
names, the location in dift'erent parts of the country of seven 
different important industries, characteristic of the sections 
in which they are located, {h) locate, with names, six of the 
following: St. Louis, Seattle, Memphis, Atlanta, Pittsburg, 
Buffalo, Bridgeport. 

23. Contrast American life in the early part of the 19th 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 61 

century with American life in the early part of the 20th 
century, with respect to (a) home life, (b) education, (c) 
communication and travel. 

24. Mention four important cities of the United States 
that are located on the Great Lakes. State a common 
advantage possessed by these cities and give a special ad- 
vantage possessed by each of two of them. 

25. Mention four financial panics of the past hundred 
years, giving one cause common to all and one peculiar 
to each. 

26. How far are the arguments in support of the tariff 
prior to 1820 applicable to present conditions? 

2y. Give reason for the acquisition of each of four of 
the following : Florida, Texas, Alaska, Hawaiian islands, 
Porto Rico, Danish West Indies, Panama Canal Zone. 

28. Compare the commercial conditions that underlay the 
building of the Erie canal with those that led the United 
States to undertake the construction of the Panama canal. 

29. Beginning with the year 1800, describe by map or 
otherwise all the additions made to the territory of the 
United States, and give the approximate date of each 
accession. 

30. State three principal sources of national revenue and 
mention five important items of national expenditure. Give 
a reason why the House was entrusted with the sole power 
of originating revenue bills. 

31. What influences have produced the combinations of 
capital in the last 30 years and in what ways have these 
combinations been regulated ? 

32. Give the provisions of two laws in the enactment of 
which John Sherman played an important part. 

33. What attempts has Congress made to regulate "big 
business" during the past half-century? 

34. Draw a map of the United States and on it locate, 
with names, the following: New York City, Buffalo, 
Chicago, New Orleans, San Francisco. Explain the historic 
importance of each of three of these cities. 

35. Compare immigration before the Civil War with im- 



62 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

migration of the present day, in the following respects: 
(a) nations represented, {b) causes, {c) effects on labor 
conditions. 

36. Account for the almost total cessation of immigration 
in 1908. When will the next United States census be 
taken? the next state census? Explain the political im- 
portance of a national census. 

37. Write on two of the following relating to New York 
State: (a) the abolition of slavery, (b) the origin and 
growth of the free school system, (c) the Croton aqueduct. 

38. Discuss the justice and the expediency (a) of for- 
bidding Chinese immigration, (^) of permitting unrestricted 
European immigration. 

39. Mention three distinct causes that are bringing im- 
migrants to the United States at the present time. Give 
two possible dangers from excessive immigration. 

40. Compare the character of the immigration into the 
United States during the decade 1850- 1860 with that during 
the decade 1900- 1910. What restrictions are placed upon 
immigration into the United States at the present time ? 

41. Write on American inventions and inventors since 
the Civil War. 

42. State the contribution to American history made by 
each of five of the following: Col. G. W. Goethals, John 
Hay, William L. Marcy, Robert Morris, Elias Howe, Clara 
Barton, Elihu Root. 

43. Write brief notes on three of the following, showing 
why their achievements entitle them to be ranked as noted 
Americans: Samuel Adams, Henry Clay, Harriet Beecher 
Stowe, Cyrus McCormick, Thomas A. Edison, Richard Hoe, 
Philip Sheridan. 

44. Mention, with names of inventors, three American 
inventions that have had an important influence in the 
development of the United States. Explain the influence 
of one of these inventions. 

45. What is meant by "the conservation of national re- 
sources"? Give illustrations of such resources and of their 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 63 

waste. What remedies are now suggested to prevent further 
waste. 

46. Write on the growth of the United States postal sys- 
tem, touching on rates of postage, special delivery, inter- 
national postal union, rural free delivery. Show how good 
postal facilities tend to strengthen national power. 

47. Give one reason for and one reason against the 
chartering of business corporations by the United States 
government. 

48. Write arguments for or against strikes as a means 
of bettering the conditions of labor. 

49. Explain /oi/r of the following: tariff, excise, income 
tax, inheritance tax, general property tax, corporation tax. 
From which tzvo of these forms of taxation does the federal 
government derive most of its revenue in times of peace? 

50. Write on one of the following topics from a and on 
one topic from h, first naming in each case the book from 
which you have, in outside reading, obtained information 
on the topic chosen : 

a (i) The attitude of President Lincoln in his first in- 
augural in regard to the freeing of slaves and 
the return of fugitive slaves. 

(2) Secretary Seward's estimate of the mineral re- 

sources of Alaska. 

(3) Peter Cooper's account of two of his inventions. 

(4) The gradual development of the Monroe Doctrine 

either before President Monroe sent his mes- 
sage, 1823, or after the message was sent. 
h ( I ) The advantages named by Penn that would follow 
from the adoption of his plan for the peace of 
Europe. 

(2) Reasons why the French did not complete the 

Panama canal. 

(3) Grady's estimate of the place and service of the 

negro in the South. 

51. What policy in regard to the Western Hemisphere 
was outlined by Monroe in 1823? On what occasions since 



64 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

the Civil War has the United States applied this policy in 
its foreign relations? 

52. On map : 

(a) Shade any part of the present United States held 
in joint occupation with a foreign power in 1840. 

{b) Shade and name the states whose electoral vote was 
in doubt in the election of 1876. 

(c) Locate and name the site of four of the following 
places : 

The first capital of the Southern Confederacy, 
The place where the treaty was signed which ended 

the Russo-Japanese War, 
The Pullman strike, 

The first permanent Spanish settlement in America, 
Grant's victory of July, 1863, 
Copper-mining districts. 

53. Write brief notes on five of the following topics: 
Caucus, Cumberland Road, The Federalist, Mugwump, Pan- 
American Movement, Progressive Party, Rough Riders, 
Tippecanoe. 

54. What were the causes and results of the war between 
the U. S. and Spain? 

55. Make a list, in logical order, of eight or ten titles 
for chapters showing the development of American history 
from the close of the Revolutionary War to the present 
time. Give dates covered by each chapter heading. 

56. Sketch the public career of one of the following men, 
showing how his life has influenced the history of the United 
States: Benjamin Franklin, James G. Blaine, William Henry 
Harrison, Woodrow Wilson. 

57. Nam^ six Secretaries of State, and tell under what 
President each served. Give an outline of the services of 
two of them as Secretaries. 

58. Write brief notes on five of the following topics : 
soldiers' insurance, *'A.B.C." powers, spoils system, "open 
door," embargo, gag resolutions, Freedmen's Bureau, 
reciprocity. 

59. What events in our early history established friendly 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 65 

relations between the United States and France? Mention 
three occasions on which these friendly relations have been 
temporarily disturbed and describe one such incident. 

60. On map: (a) Name and shade the slave states which 
did not secede from the Union at the time of the Civil 
War. (b) Indicate the routes traversed by De Soto, 
Coronado, and Lewis and Clark, (c) Name and locate 
four of the following places : Place of Burgoyne's surrender, 
place of John Brown's raid on federal property, first 
permanent English settlement in America, first state west 
of the Mississippi admitted into the Union, western land 
claims ceded by Connecticut after the Revolution, one state 
west of the Rocky Mountains which voted for Taft in 1908 
but for Wilson in 1916. 



REGENTS' EXAMINATION PAPERS 
Tuesday, January 22, 1918 — 9.15 a.m. to 12,15 p.m., only 

// credit is not claimed for required reading, answer eight ques- 
tions, selecting one from each group. 

If credit is claimed for required reading, omit one of the first four 
groups and answer one question from each of the other severe 
groups. 

Group I 

1. Give a short account of one of the following: (a) the Jesuit 
missions in North America, {b) education in colonial New England, 
(c) the explorations of La Salle. [^^] 

2. Show how climatic and geographic conditions affected the 
colonization of (a) New France [^], (^) Virginia [^]. 

Group II 

3. At the time of the American Revolution what was the attitude 
toward the colonies of (a) the English king, (6) a minority in 
Parliament, (c) France? [i^] 

4. Give an account of (o) the political conditions in England at 
the time of the American Revolution [^], {b) the efforts made by 
prominent Englishmen in favor of the colonies [^J. 

Group III 

5. Compare the business life of the people of New York in 1817 
with that in 1917. [lo] 

6. Compare the life of a boy or a girl in 181 7 with your own life, 
with respect to amusements, comforts, education and opportunity 
for advancement. [^^] 

7. Show by map or otherwise the territorial acquisitions of the 
United States from 1787 to i860. [10] 

Group IV 

8. Account for the rapid growth of American cities since the 
Civil War [®]. Mention two problems of a city government that 
are not connected with county, state or national government [*]. 

9. Mr. Bryce says in The American Commonwealth that city 

66 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HlS'iv.. 

government is the one conspicuous failure of American democra*.. 
Show why this was true 30 years ago, but is not equally true to- 
day. ["] 

Group V 

10. Show the effect on the settlement of the West of each of 
foiir of the following: (a) the steamboat, (/;) the railroad, (c) the 
Methodist circuit rider, (d) the McCormick reaper, (e) European 
emigration, [i^] 

11. What was the main cause in Europe or in America of migra- 
tion to America during eacn of four of the following periods : 
(a) 1620-1640, (b) 1640-1660, (c) 1840-1860, (d) 1875-1890, (e) 
1900-1914? [1^] 

Group VI 

12. Explain the significance in American history of each of four 
of the following: (a) compromise tariff of 1833, (b) discovery of 
gold in California, (c) Lincoln-Douglas debates, (d) Sam Houston, 
(e) William Lloyd Garrison, [i^] 

13. Mention two inventions since the Civil War that have im- 
proved each of the following: (a) home life [2], (b) agricul- 
ture [-], (c) transportation [2], (d) communication [2], (e) busi- 
ness life [-]. What has been the effect of these inventions on 
American history [^] ? 

Group VII 

14. State arguments for or against (a) giving cabinet officers 
seats in Congress without a right to vote [^], (b) choosing cabinet 
officers by popular vote [4], (c) giving territorial delegates a vote 
in the house of representatives [^]. 

15. Contrast the powers of the president in time of war and in 
time of peace [1°]. Give tivo reasons for the difference [^]. 

16. Give an account of the methods by which our government is 
financing the present war. [^^] 

Group VIII 

17. Mention four events since 1776 that have brought the United 
States and France into friendly or unfriendly relations [^]. De- 
scribe one of these events [*]. 

18. Show by at least three examples how modern warfare has 
been revolutionized by American inventions. [12] 

ig. Name two great American historians and give the exact title 
of a book or work written by each [§]. Of what period or move- 



68 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

ment in the history of the United States does each of these books 
or works treat [^] ? [Do not name textbooks or encyclopedias.] 

20. After reading a textbook, to what primary sources or second- 
ary authorities would you turn for more complete information on 
(a) home life in colonial days [^], (b) the reconstruction period 
[''] ? Give the exact title of tzvo sources or authorities in each case. 
[Do not name textbooks or encyclopedias.] 



Tuesday, June i8, 1918 — 9.15 a.m. to 12.15 p.m., only 

// credit is not claimed for required reading, answer seven ques- 
tions, selecting one from each group. 

If credit is claimed for required , reading, omit one of the first 
three groups and answer one question from each of the other six 
groups. 

Group I 

1. Compare the motives of the Spanish (1492-1600) with those of 
the English (i6o5-i66o) with respect to colonization, p^'] 

2. Explain the relations existing between a colonial governor and 
his colonial assembly, [i^] 

3. Compare the patroon system of New Netherland with the 
plantation system of Virginia. [^^] 

Group II 

4. Show how physical conditions affected the settlement of each 
of two of the following: eastern Long Island, western Long Island, 
the Mohawk valley, the Genesee valley, the Niagara frontier, 
Albany, New York, Syracuse. [Select the two with which you are 
most familiar.] [lo] 

5. What is meant by the statement that the Americans in the 
American Revolution fought the battles of Englishmen in Eng- 
land? [10] 

6. Show the extent to which the Revolution, while it gained 
political independence, failed to secure democracy. [1°] 

Group III 

7. Describe either the Webster-Hayne debate or the Lincoln- 
Douglas debates, including (o) the occasion [2], (b) the points at 
issue [2], (c) the influence on subsequent American history [^]. 

8. Give an account. of the life of some great American, based on 
a standard biography. Name the author of this biography and 
indicate his estimate of the public services of this great American. 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 69 

[Pupils whose answers do not show that they have read the 
biography wiH receive no credit for attempting this question.] |'"J 

9. What was each of two of the following: (a) the Cumberland 
road, (b) the Webster- Ashburton Treaty, (c) the Clayton-Bulwer 
Treaty, (d) the Ostend Manifesto, (e) the Credit Mobilier? [i'^] 

Group IV 

10. Describe (a) the attitude of Russia tow^ard the United States 
between i860 and 1870 [*'], (b) the attitude of Germany toward the 
United States in the Spanish-American War [^]. Mention one 
event to illustrate each case [^J. 

11. A recent editorial on our entrance into the present war said: 
"If the United States is wrong now, it has never been right." 
Justify our entrance into hvo wars, including the present one. [^^] 

Group V 

12. Give an account of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, 
including (a) its purpose [-] and place of meeting [*], (b) the 
names of four of its influential members [-]. Mention one differ- 
ence that arose in the convention between (a) the large and the 
small states [2], (b) th'e Northern and the Southern states [^]. State 
the wa}^ in which each of the differences mentioned is adjusted [^J. 

13. Give an account of the Louisiana Purchase, including (a) 
reasons for purchase [^], (b) extent of territory [^], (c) Jefferson's 
attitude on the power of the national government [-], (d) influence 
on subsequent American history [^^]. 

Group VI 

14. Mention three events between 1840 and i860 that tended to 
divide the North and South [*^] and show the influence of each of 
these events on both the North aiid the South [12]. 

15. Show the effect of the present war on the political [*^], eco- 
nomic [®] and social [^] life of the American people. 

16. Compare early methods of production with modern methods, 
with reference to each of tzvo of the following industries in the 
United States : mining, wheat growing, the making of shoes, the 
manufacture of cloth, the manufacture of iron, lumbering. ['^^] 

Group VII 

17. Distinguish between governmental control and governmental 
ownership of railroads ["*]. State two advantages or disadvantages 
of each plan [^2] 

18. What are the three great divisions of our national govern- 



70 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

ment [^] ? Show the interdependence of these three divisions of 
government [^]. Show how their relative importance is changed in 
time of war [*J. 

19. Give briefly the process by which money is raised for the 
support of your local government [*]. Who determines how this 
money shall be spent [^] ? What are the chief purposes for which 
it is spent [^] ? 



Tuesday, January 21, 1919 — 9.15 a.m. to 12.15 p.m., only 

// credit is not claimed for required reading, answer eight 
questions, selecting one from each group. 

If credit is claimed for required reading, omit one of the first 
four groups and answer one question from each of the other seven 
groups. 

Group I 

1. Describe briefly the settlement of New Netherland [^] and its 
change to English rule [^J. 

2. Show how migration to America from Qach of two European 
countries was a part of the long struggle between democracy and 
autocracy. {^^] 

Group II 

3. Mention tivo movements or events in American history since 
1789 that illustrate the growth of democracy [^J. Give a brief 
account of one of these movements or events [^]. 

4. Explain the services of the Federalist party in establishing a 
vigorous central government. [^^J 

Group III 

5. Why was the Erie canal built [*] ? What was its effect on (a) 
the development of the central West [^j, {h) the growth of cities 
in New York State [3] ? 

6. Explain the effect of the invention of the cotton gin on (a) the 
industries of the North [^], (&) the question of slavery [^^]. 

Group IV 

7. Describe the effect of the present world war on industrial life 
and organization in America. [^^] 

8. Describe briefly the organization and the functions of the 
Federal Reserve Banking System. [^"] 



QtTESTIONS in AMERICAN HISTORY 7l 

9. What was the leading issue in the presidential compaign of 
each of the following years: 1832, 1844, i860, 1896? [lo] 

Group V 

10. Give an account of the organization of the Northwest Terri- 
tory, including (a) extent of territory [3], (b) names of three 
eastern states having claims in this territory [^], (c) three pro- 
visions of the Ordinance of 1787 [^]. What influence did this 
ordinance have on subsequent American history [4] ? 

11. Mention four contributions to the civilization of America 
made by England [^]. Write fully about each of tivo of these 
contributions [^]. 

Group VI 

12. Describe the influence on our merchant' marine of (a) the 
Napoleonic wars [*], (b) the development of iron and steel steam- 
ships [*], (c) the Civil War [*], (d) the present world war f*]. 

13. Explain, with illustrations, (a) our dependence on British 
manufacturing before the War of 1812 [^], (b) our dependence on 
German manufacturing before the present world war [^], (c) how 
we solved the problem in each instance [^]. 

Group VII 

14. Mention at least four principles of our national Constitution 
that might be embodied in a constitution for a world state or league 
of nations. [^*^] 

15. Show how the relations between state and local governments 
differ from the relations between state and national govern- 
ments. [^^] 

16. Mention (a) three rights or privileges that the individual has 
under our system of government [^], (b) three obligations or duties 
of the individual to the government [^]. Why is it for the general 
good, as well as for the good of the individual, to have a system 
of free public schools [*] ? 

Group VIII 

17. Give illustrations of the united efforts of our country in the 
present world war as shown in the following: (a) activities of 
women, (b) subordination of private interests to public service, 
(c) encouragement of thrift, (d) organization of our military and 
naval forces. [^-] 

18. Mention four conditions of peace advocated by President 
Wilson. [12] 



72 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

19. Contrast Washington's neutrality proclamation and his attitude 
on foreign alliances with Wilson's war messages and our present 
cooperation with France and her allies [*']. Justify the position 
taken in each instance [^]. 

Tuesday, June 17, 1919 — 9.15 a.m. to 12.15 p.m., only 

// credit is not claimed for required reading, auszver eight ques- 
tions, selecting one from each group. 

If credit is claimed for required reading, omit one of the first four 
groups and answer one question from each of the other seven 
groups. 

Group I ^ 

1. What influences or conditions in European thought and life 
led to American exploration and colonization in the i6th and 17th 
centuries? [i'^] 

2. Show why the freedom of the self-governing English colonies 
led to the American Revolution and why the paternalistic govern- 
ment of the French colonies did not lead to a similar revolution in 
New France. [^^] 

Group II 

3. Compare, in at least fotir respects, pioneer home life in colonial 
days with your home life of to-day, [^^J 

4. What geographic and political problems faced the American 
people in their efforts to establish a unified government in 
1787? [i«] 

Group III 

5. Mention two types of transportation facilities developed during 
the first half of the 19th century [2]. Show their influence on- (a) 
the industrial growth of the east [^], {h) the great westward move- 
ment [4]. 

6. What problems were settled by each of three treaties between 
the United States and England after 1800? [i"] 

Group IV 

7. Compare Hamilton with Jefferson or Webster with Calhoun as 
representatives of opposing ideals of government. [^^*] 

8. Describe briefly the organization and the functions of one of 
the following: (a) the Federal Reserve Bank, {h) The Interstate 
Commerce Commission, (c) the Emergency Fleet Corporation, {d) 
the Inland Waterways Commission, [i"] 

Group V 

9. Write on the Monroe Doctrine, covering four of the following 
points: (a) the circumstances leading to its issuance, (/?) the main 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 73 

principle proclaimed by it, (c) its conflict with our imperialistic 
tendencies prior to i860, (d) the attitude of South American coun- 
tries toward it, (c) its present significance. [^*''] 

10. Democracy in the United States is said to be a gradual evolu- 
tion. Show one definite advance made in democracy during the 
administration of (a) Jefferson, (b) Jackson, (c\ Garfield-Arthur, 
(d) Wilson. [16] 

Group VI 

11. Compare colonial immigration with the immigration of the 
last 30 years with respect to (a) causes [*], (b) character [*], (c) 
results [*]. Should we now seek to restrict immigration? Justify 
your answer [*]. 

12. Show how the policy of "divide and conquer" failed in 
England's attempt to crush the colonies by the Burgoyne campaign 
and how it was successfully applied by the North in the Civil 
War. [16] 

Group VII 

13. Tell in some detail what your city or community has done 
or ought to do for the Americanization of its foreign born resi- 
dents. [16] 

14. Tell four of the things your city or community is doing for 
the physical, mental and moral welfare of its citizens. [16] 

15. Show that each member of a communit}^ has a personal 
responsibility for its welfare. Support your answer by references 
to your home, school, city, village or town. [i6] 

Group VIII 

16. Mention three constructive measures or great reforms advo- 
cated by Theodore Roosevelt [6]. Describe one of these measures 
or reforms [6]. 

17. Indicate three American problems of reconstruction resulting 
from the world war [6]. Describe one of these problems [6]. 

Tuesday, January 20, 1920 — 9.15 a.m. to 12.15 p.m., only 

Group I 

1. Name four trans-Mississippi explorers or pioneers [^] and 
give a brief account of the achievements of one of them ["]. 

2. What political and social conditions in England [6] and France 
[^] led to migration to America in the 17th century? 

Group II 

3. Show the influence on American history of each of two of the 



74 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

following: (a) the Jesuit missions, (b) the fur trade, (c) the dis- 
covery of gold in California, (d) the reaper and binder, [i'^] 

4. Explain two ways in which the British defeat of the French 
was a turning point in the history of America. [^"^'J 

Group III 

5. Mention four causes of discontent that led to the American 
Revolution [•*]. Explain briefly one of these causes [^']. 

6. Write the preamble to the federal Constitution. [^^]. 

7. Mention four doctrines or statements of the Declaration of 
Independence, [^^j 

Group IV 

8. The government of the United States in 1789 has been called 
an artistocratic government. Support this view b> mentioning three 
features at that time which might be called aristocratic to-day [^]. 
Mention tzvo democratic changes that have occurred since 1787 [^]. 

9. Compare the making of the Constitution in 1787 with the 
making of the League of Nations with respect to two of the fol- 
lowing: (a) one point of disagreement leading to compromise, (b) 
method of ratification, (c) reasons for opposing ratification. [i°] 

Group V 

10. Answer both (a) and (b) : 

(a) What section of the United States was developed in large 

measure by each of the following: the Cumberland 
road [2], the Erie canal [-], the Oregon trail and the 
Santa Fe trail [2], the steamboat [2]? 

(b) What plans of dealing with the railroad situation were 

suggested in 1919 by (a) Congress [^J, (6) the rail- 
road employees [^] ? 

11. Why did the United States in the first 50 years of its national 
Hfe adopt a policy of isolation [§] ? Show the relation of this 
policy to each of two of the following [«] : (a) Washington's 
Farewell Address, (b) the acquisition of the Philippines, (c) our 
relations with China since 1900, (d) our part in the world v^ar. 

Group VI 

12. Trace the development in the United States up to 1920 of 
each of two of the following: manufacture of iron, weaving, ship- 
building, communication, agriculture. [^2] 

13. Mention an instance in which the West has exercised on the 
East (o) political influence [2], (b) economic influence [2]. Ex- 
plain each of these instances [^]. 



QlTESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 75 

Group VII 

14. Mention one economic, one social and one political difference 
between the North and the South before the Civil War [•^J. Show 
how any two of these differences have been adjusted since the 
Civil War [i<']. 

15. Mention two economic and two political results of the Civil 
War [*]. Show how one of these results affected the development 
of the South [8]. 

Group VIII 

16. Mention five ways in which the federal government comes into 
contact with the individual [^^]. Describe one of these in detail [^]. 

17. "The government of the United States is esi'entially a govern- 
ment by the majority." Discuss, explaining the meaning of govern- 
ment by a majority [*] and stating how a majority is secured in 
this country [^]. What means should the minority employ to 
become the majority [*^] ? 

18. What is the Constitution of the United States [*] ? How may 
it be amended [i^] ? 



Tuesday, June 15, 1920 — 9.15 a.m. to 12.15 p.m., only 

Write at top of first page of answer paper (a) name of school 
where you have studied, (b) number of weeks and recitations a week 
in American history with civics. 

The minimum time requirement is five recitations a week for a 
school year. 

If credit is not claimed for required reading, answer eight ques- 
tions, selecting one from each group. 

If credit is claimed for required reading, omit one of the first 
four groups and answer one question from each of the other seven 
groups. 

Group I 

1. Locate by map or otherwise the fighting front in western 
Europe during 1917 and 1918. Locate also five of the following: 
Chateau-Thierry, the Argonne, the St. Mihiel salient, St. Quentin, 
Brest, Sedan, the Marne. [lo] 

2. Discuss the commercial situation in Europe in the latter half 
of the 15th centiiry, including (a) routes of trade [2], (b) the crisis 
produced by the Turks [^J, (c) attempts made up to 1500 to find 
other routes of trade [*]. 

3. Summarize as far as 1620 the work done by France and Eng- 



1i\ (H'ESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

land ill opening up America [^]. Name tivo prominent explorers of 
each nation [■*]. 

Group II 

4. What differences were there between the local governments of 
Virginia and New England [^] ? What geographic basis was there 
for such differences [2] ? How were the two forms of local 
government combined in New York [4] ? 

5. How did Penns3dvania, Maryland and Rhode Island show a 
democratic spirit in their attitude toward religion? [^"^'J 

Group III 

6. Give the circumstances impelling the colonists to issue a Decla- 
ration of Independence [^]. State tivo of its doctrines [^]. 

7. y\n English statesman said concerning the American Revolu- 
tion, "If England prevails, English and American liberty is at an 
end." Explain this statement. [^^^] 

Group IV 

8. What provisions of the Ordinance of 1787 show the advance 
in the spirit of democracy after the Revolutionary War? [i"] 

9. Compare the causes that led to the Alien and Sedition Laws 
of 1798 with the causes justifying present or proposed measures 
against dangerous aliens and sedition to-da}-. [^"1 

Group V 

10. Give an account of the Federalist part}*, including (a) reasons 
why it was better for the Federalists than for the Democratic- 
Republicans to be in control of the government during the early 
years of the republic [^], {h) causes of the downfall of the 
Federalist party [^]. 

11. How did two of the following seeming disadvantages of the 
War of 1812 produce advantageous results to the United States: 
(a) the blockade, {h) the difficulty of financing the war, (t) the 
strengthening of our policy of isolation by our drifting away from 
European influences? {^^] 

12. How did two of the following tend to settle the dispute con- 
cerning the extension of slavery: Compromise of 1820, Compromise 
of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Bill? [10] 

Group VI 

13. What is meant by Americanization [-] ? Give two good 
and two evil effects of immigration since 1890 [^]. How is immi- 
gration restricted now [^\ ? 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 77 

14. Trace the development of means of transportation in the 
United States as follows: (a) in the colonies •[•''], (h) from 1800 to 
1830 [^], (c) in modern times I'']. 

Group VII 

15. What is a tax [-]? What constitutes a just tax [-*] ? State 
three sources of federal income and three purposes of federal ex- 
penditure [1-]. 

16. What is the need of political parties in a democratic govern- 
ment [^'] ? What is the difference between a political party and 
"the party machine" [^] ? Should a voter belong to an organized 
political party or should he be an independent voter? Justify your 



answer 



6 



17. Name six problems that the government of your community 
has to solve [^]. Show what steps are being taken to solve each of 
three of these problems [^"]. 

Group VHI 

18. Name three incidents between 1898 and 1914 showing Ger- 
many's attitude toward the United States [^]. Why did the United 
States enter the recent world war [^] ? Mention four of the terms 
of the Treaty of Versailles [*]. 

19. Why did Bismarck call the Monroe Doctrine "an international 
impertinence" [*] ? How was the doctrine extended in its meaning 
by Roosevelt [«] ? Over what countries bordering on the Caribbean 
sea has the United States virtual or actual protectorates through 
the application of the extension of the Monroe Doctrine [^] ? 

Tuesday, January 18, 1921— 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- m., only 

Write at top of first page of answer paper (a) name of school 
where you have studied, (b) number of weeks and recitations a week 
in American history with civics. 

The minimum time requirement is five recitations a zveek for a 
school year. 

If credit is not claimed for reading, answer eight questions, 
selecting one from each group. 

If credit is claimed for reading, omit one of the first five groups 
and ansiver one question from each of the other seven groups. 

Group I 

I. "The achieving of democracy is a long, necessarily slow 
process and each generation has contributed toward making the 



78 QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

ideal a reality." State a contribution toward the achieving of 
democracy made by each of two of the following colonies: Vir- 
ginia, Connecticut, Rhode Island, the Massachusetts Bay Colony [^]. 
Explain how one of these colonies aided in this achievement [*]. 

2. In what respect did each of three of the following contribute 
toward democracy: the Revolutionary War, the Ordinance of 1787, 
the federal Constitution, the Civil War [^] ? Explain how one of 
the three selected made its contribution [*]. 

Group II 

3. Mention three causes of the migration to America from 1600 
to 1700 ['^]. Name a colony in America resulting from each cause 
mentioned [*]. 

4. Give the causes, European and colonial, of tzvo of the French- 
English wars, 1689-1763 ['']. What were the terms of the final 
peace [^] ? 

Group III 

5. Make an outline of the chief acts of the English Parliament 
and of the events in the colonies from 1763 to 1775 that led to the 
American Revolution, [lo] 

6. Give (a) three arguments of those who favored the ratification 
of the federal Constitution [^], (b) two arguments of those who 
opposed its ratification [*]. 

Group IV 

7. Write on the purchase of Louisiana, covering two of the fol- 
lowing: (a) crisis that led to its acquisition (b) the constitutional 
question involved, (c) influence on slavery, (d) influence on com- 
merce. [^°] 

8. Describe the financial policy adopted by the new government 
(1789- 1 796), covering two of the following: (a) foreign debt, (b) 
state debts, (c) sources of revenue. [^^J 

9. Show the influence of each of two of the following on the 
War of 1812 : (a) English Orders in Council, (b) French decrees, 
(c) impressment, (d) America's retaliatory measures. L^^] 

Group V 

10. State three controversies that have arisen over the alleged 
right of a state to nullify a federal law [^]. Give the issues 
involved in one of these controversies [^]. 

11. Describe a great movement of settlers to the west, giving the 
causes and the results. [^^J 



QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 79 

12. Show that the extension of slavery was the great issue of 
democracy from 1840 to i860. [^^] 

Group VI 

13. Write on the public career of each of two of the following: 
Andrew Jackson, Daniel Webster, John Hay, Theodore Roose- 
velt. [18] 

14. Compare the reconstruction period after the Civil War with 
that after the World War, touching on three of the following topics : 
(a) cost of living, (b) relations between the senate and the presi- 
dent, (c) care of returned soldiers, (d) financial conditions. [^^] 

Group VII 

15. Write on the process of selecting a president, covering (a) 
nomination [**], (b) election [^]. Mention t.ivo defects in our 
present method of selecting a president [*]. 

16. Discuss the importance of the Supreme Court iif the American 
system of government. [^^] 

17. Show the difference between the parliamentary and the con- 
gressional plan of government. [^^] 

Group VIII 

18. Name three of our principal colonial possessions [^] and 
state how each was acquired [^]. Describe our policy toward our 
dependencies since 1898 [^]. 

19. Write in detail on one of the following: (a) colonial foreign 
trade and its restrictions, (b) the influence of the commercial factor 
in making the Constitution, (c) control of interstate commerce by 
Congress. [1*^] 



'(] summariea. Classifi 



FREW ';: 

An e^: , - 

idioms, i ' • 

GERM/ 

Aconii; -u. 
Brief, con ^ 

LATIN 

Thorougiily 
grammar, kb- 



BIOLOGY 

A comprehensive 
(JiagTRina in outline, 

CHEMIST V 

A thorfiiivl ' ' ' 




^ 



^^ " , 





























^V' ^0 oJl « >. /<^. 



' ^0 




' • • « ' aO -^ 








^^ **Tr,-' 







^-./ 









^^ % 














^9^ 




^ .^^m^', \^/ ,^, ^^^^,^ ,^', -^^.v 







